<i>Bromus tectorum</i>, a Biotic Cause of Ecosystem Impoverishment in the Great Basin

Billings, W. D.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511529917.016

Cited by 80 publications

(89 citation statements)

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“…5.9, 7.6). Cheatgrass was established throughout the intermountain west by the 1920s and 1930s (Klemmedson and Smith 1964, Billings 1990). Much of the cheatgrass region in the Snake River Plain in southern Idaho was well-defined by fires burned since 1960.…”

Section: Status and Trends Of Sagebrush Ecosystems 7 -6 Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stewart and Hull (1949) suggested that communities at low elevations and sites receiving <23 cm of precipitation annually were less likely to benefit from protection or management practices. Billings (1990) went further and indicated that it is not possible to remove or control cheatgrass once it dominates a sagebrush community. Therefore, areas estimated to be at high risk already may have passed the threshold of recovery.…”

Section: Status and Trends Of Sagebrush Ecosystems 7 -17mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sagebrush habitats cannot return to some pre-settlement condition because many of the parts no longer are present or the sagebrush ecosystem has gone past a threshold from which recovery is not possible. Recovery from these conditions may require periods longer than a century in lower elevation, more xeric conditions , Billings 1986); longer than the 2-, 5-, or 10-year horizons of most management plans. New invasions by exotic plants and animals (including those facilitated by human development) into the sagebrush community, long-term climate changes, and increased CO 2 further compromise restoration efforts.…”

Section: Synthesis 13 -8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Invasion by exotic species, particularly cheatgrass, is consistently cited as a major challenge to maintenance of sagebrush communities (Young andAllen 1997, Knick 1999). Cheatgrass was introduced to the United States in the 1800s and has become a pervasive problem throughout much of the arid West , Billings 1990). In addition to its displacement of native understory species, cheatgrass autecology (i.e., early germination and drying) leads to an increased risk of wildfires that eliminate the sagebrush overstory (Klemmedson and Smith 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Miller

2008

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Section: Status and Trends Of Sagebrush Ecosystems 7 -6 Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Status and Trends Of Sagebrush Ecosystems 7 -17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis 13 -8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Miller

2008

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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“…Grazing and fire exclusion together have led to the replacement of grasslands by shrublands in some areas (Wright and Bailey 1982). The introduction of exotic species has led to substantial changes in the species composition and fire potential of many ecosystems, particularly in arid and semiarid areas (Billings 1990). Timber harvesting has led to unnatural patterns of vegetation, modified fuel beds, and altered fire severity.…”

Section: Changes Over Time______________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora

Brown¹,

Smith²

2000

299

156

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_____________________________________This state-of-knowledge review about the effects of fire on flora and fuels can assist land managers with ecosystem and fire management planning and in their efforts to inform others about the ecological role of fire. Chapter topics include fire regime classification, autecological effects of fire, fire regime characteristics and postfire plant community developments in ecosystems throughout the United States and Canada, global climate change, ecological principles of fire regimes, and practical considerations for managing fire in an ecosytem context.

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Intra‐site sources of restoration variability in severely invaded rangeland: Strong temporal effects of herbicide–weather interactions; weak spatial effects of plant community patch type and litter

Donaldson

Germino

2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Invasions by exotic annual grasses (EAGs) are replacing native perennials in semiarid areas globally, including the vast sagebrush‐steppe rangelands of western North America. Efforts to eradicate EAGs and restore perennials have had mixed success, especially in relatively warm and dry areas where EAGs had high dominance prior to intervention. Greater consideration of the ecological sources of variability in EAG treatment outcomes may improve success. We hypothesized that herbicide and restoration outcomes would be influenced by restoration strategy (type of herbicide, seeding or planting, timing of treatment) and underlying spatial variability associated with plant community patch type and litter, all applied in a landscape‐scale experiment in a severely invaded area in Southern Idaho, USA. EAGs, specifically medusahead (Taeniatherum caput‐medusae [L.] Nevski), were strongly reduced for up to 3 years (maximum observation period) by the pre‐emergent herbicide indaziflam, whereas the pre/post‐emergent imazapic reduced EAGs only when applied twice. Indaziflam effects were greater when post‐spray moisture was greater, and also when co‐applied with imazapic, but reapplying indaziflam did not lead to additional reduction of EAGs. Imazapic and indaziflam each stimulated species‐specific, secondary invasion by exotic and/or invasive tall forbs. Application of the broadleaf herbicide aminopyralid provided only a fleeting 1 year of control of a dominant, highly noxious forb skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.). Underlying heterogeneity in plant community patch type (dominant herb species) explained only ∼5% of variation in the herbicide effects, and manipulation of litter prior to spraying had no effect. Several years of seedings and planting resulted in no establishment of native perennials. Herbicides, especially indaziflam, appear to be an effective tool for reducing EAGs for multiple years in the challenging restoration conditions we evaluated, particularly if their application coincides with suitable moisture. However, restoring the perennials required for longer term resistance to reinvasion is a serious challenge that could be avoided with preservation of perennials.

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Bromus tectorum, a Biotic Cause of Ecosystem Impoverishment in the Great Basin

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Broad-Scale Assessment of Rangeland Health, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, USA

Wildland fire in ecosystems: effects of fire on flora

Intra‐site sources of restoration variability in severely invaded rangeland: Strong temporal effects of herbicide–weather interactions; weak spatial effects of plant community patch type and litter

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