<i>Borrelia crocidurae</i>Infection in Acutely Febrile Patients, Senegal

Mediannikov, Oleg; Socolovschi, Cristina; Basséne, Hubert; Diatta, Georges; Ratmanov, Pavel; Fénollar, Florence; Sokhna, Cheikh; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.3201/eid2008.130550

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…8 Recent studies performed in western sub-Saharan Africa have shown the role of emergent and fastidious bacteria, such as Rickettsia felis, Coxiella burnetii, Tropheryma whipplei, Borrelia crocidurae, and Bartonella spp., as the cause of fever. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Rickettsia felis and Borrelia duttonii were also found in eastern Africa. [16][17][18] Some of them had already been described in Gabon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Mourembou¹,

Fénollar²,

Socolovschi³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria was considered as the main cause of fever in Africa. However, with the roll back malaria initiative, the causes of fever in Africa may change. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacteria and Plasmodium spp. in febrile and afebrile (controls) children from Franceville, Gabon. About 793 blood samples from febrile children and 100 from controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with sequencing. Plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most detected in febrile (74.5%, 591/793) and controls (13%, 13/100), P 0.0001. Its coinfection with bacteria was found only in febrile children (P = 0.0001). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent bacterium in febrile children (2.8%, 22/793) and controls (3%, 3/100). Eight cases of Salmonella spp. (including two Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) and two of Streptococcus pneumoniae were found only among febrile children. Borrelia spp. was found in 2 controls while Rickettsia felis was detected in 10 children (in 8 febriles and 2 afebriles). No DNA of other targeted microorganisms was detected. Plasmodium spp. remains prevalent while Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were common bacteria in Gabon. Two fastidious bacteria, Rickettsia felis and Borrelia spp., were found. Inclusion of controls should improve the understanding of the causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Mourembou¹,

Fénollar²,

Socolovschi³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Blood obtained by cardiac puncture 5 days postinoculation was tested by immunofluorescence assay incorporating P6D9 or P3A10 as described above. 15 Six blood smears from patients diagnosed by real-time PCR with B. crocidurae relapsing fever and from two patients negative for B. crocidurae in Senegal 26 were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay incorporating P6D9 or P3A10.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoclonal Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Borrelia crocidurae

Fotso¹,

Mediannikov²,

Nappez³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Relapsing fever borreliae, produced by ectoparasite-borne Borrelia species, cause mild to deadly bacteremia and miscarriage. In the perspective of developing inexpensive assays for the rapid detection of relapsing fever borreliae, we produced 12 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Borrelia crocidurae and characterized the two exhibiting the highest titers. P3A10 MAb reacts with the 35.6-kDa flagellin B (flaB) of B. crocidurae while P6D9 MAb recognizes a 35.1-kDa variable-like protein (Vlp) in B. crocidurae and a 35.2-kDa Vlp in Borrelia duttonii. Indirect immunofluorescence assay incorporating relapsing fever and Lyme group borreliae and 11 blood-borne organisms responsible for fever in West Africa confirmed the reactivity of these two MAbs. Combining these two MAbs in indirect immunofluorescence assays detected relapsing fever borreliae including B. crocidurae in ticks and the blood of febrile Senegalese patients. Both antibodies could be incorporated into inexpensive and stable formats suited for the rapid point-of-care diagnosis of relapsing fever. These first-ever MAbs directed against African relapsing fever borreliae are available for the scientific community to promote research in this neglected field.

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“…15,21,22 Recent studies have shown that fastidious and emerging bacteria were involved in nonmalarial fever in Africa. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Thus, our study aimed mainly using molecular analyses to look for these bacteria (Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp., T. whipplei, and C. burnetii), but we also aimed to detect the presence of malaria and other more common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella spp. However, as the volume of DNA extracts is limited, our search for other common bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was restricted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Tropheryma whipplei, and Coxiella burnetii have been detected in blood specimens from febrile patients in subSaharan Africa. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In Gabon, as in other sub-Saharan African countries, management of febrile illnesses is difficult. A recent study reported that more than 40% of patients who received antimalarial treatment in Libreville, an urban area of Gabon, had a malaria-negative test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,21 In rural areas of Gabon, bacteremias were under assessed, whereas studies conducted in other sub-Saharan African countries reported that the spectrum of bacteremias is more significant in rural areas. [13][14][15][16][17]20,22,23 To improve management of febrile illnesses in sub-Saharan Africa, the causes of bacteremia in febrile children should be investigated, and control groups of afebrile children should be systematically included. Indeed, the lack of afebrile control subjects in most studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on febrile patients is a major pitfall that compromises a solid understanding of the causes of fever in areas where asymptomatic carriage of microorganisms is common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-circulation of Plasmodium and Bacterial DNAs in Blood of Febrile and Afebrile Children from Urban and Rural Areas in Gabon

Mourembou

Nzondo

Ndjoyi-Mbiguino

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Malaria is considered to be the most common etiology of fever in sub-Saharan Africa while bacteremias exist but are under assessed. This study aimed to assess bacteremias and malaria in children from urban and rural areas in Gabon. DNA extracts from blood samples of 410 febrile and 60 afebrile children were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Plasmodium spp. was the microorganism most frequently detected in febrile (78.8%, 323/410) and afebrile (13.3%, 8/60) children, (P < 0.001). DNA from one or several bacteria were detected in 15 febrile patients (3.7%) but not in the controls (P = 0.1). This DNA was more frequently detected as co-infections among febrile children tested positive for Plasmodium (4.6%, 15/323) than in those tested negative for Plasmodium (0%, 0/87; P = 0.04). The bacteria detected were Streptococcus pneumoniae 2.4% (10/410), Staphylococcus aureus 1.7% (7/410), Salmonella spp. 0.7% (3/410), Streptococcus pyogenes 0.2% (1/410) and Tropheryma whipplei 0.2% (1/410) only in febrile children. Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia spp., Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were not observed. This paper reports the first detection of bacteremia related to T. whipplei in Gabon and shows that malaria decreases in urban areas but not in rural areas. Co-infections in febrile patients are common, highlighting the need to improve fever management strategies in Gabon.

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Borrelia crociduraeInfection in Acutely Febrile Patients, Senegal

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon

Monoclonal Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Borrelia crocidurae

Co-circulation of Plasmodium and Bacterial DNAs in Blood of Febrile and Afebrile Children from Urban and Rural Areas in Gabon

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