BOLIVINOIDES(BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF POLAND AND WESTERN UKRAINE: TAXONOMY, EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES AND STRATIGRAPHIC SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

The taxonomy of Late Cretaceous genus Bolivinoides is revised on the basis of rich, newly collected material from central and eastern Poland and western Ukraine. Twelve species are described of which one is new: Bolivinides intermedius nov. sp. This species differs from the other bolivinoidid taxa in possessing two parallel medial rows of tubercles. The stratigraphic ranges of most of the taxa are compared with the macrofossil standard zonation, which allowed a correlation with the occurrence of bolivinoidids of distinct regions of Europe and other continents. The evolutionary trends of Bolivinoides are also discussed and two distinct lineages, Bolivinoides strigillatus and Bolivinoides laevigatus, are distinguished.

Integrated biostratigraphy of the Santonian through Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of extra-Carpathian Poland

“…The zone is defined by the cooccurrence of both index taxa. Bolivinoides intermedius Dubicka and Peryt, 2016 appears in the zone. It corresponds to the lower part of the Belemnitella najdiniBelemnitella posterior belemnite Zone and to the upper part of the Sphaeroceramus pertenuiformis and the lowermost part of the 'Inoceramus' altus inoceramid zones.…”

“…The zone spans the upper upper Santonian and basal Campanian (upper part of the Cordiceramus muelleri and basal Sphenoceramus patootensiformis zones). The zone is well accessible in the Ukrainian section of Dubivtsi II quarry (fifth and basal sixth exploitation levels) (see Dubicka and Peryt 2016) and in the Lipnik-Kije section, in the NE Nida Synclinorium.…”

“…It ranges between the FO of true Stensioeina pommerana Brotzen, 1936 and the FO of B. culverensis. The subzone is best accessible in the Ukrainian section of Dubivtsi II quarry (see Dubicka and Peryt 2016) and in the Lipnik-Kije section, in the Nida Synclinorium.…”

“…The FO of S. pommerana corresponds stratigraphically to the coeval event recorded in the Lägerdorf section (north-western Germany), where it is marked within the testudinarius/granulata Zone, c. 3 m below the base of the Campanian (Schönfeld 1990). The FO of B. strigillatus, the oldest species of the Bolivinoides lineage, has been variably dated as late Santonian or earliest Campanian (White 1929;Cushman 1927;Edgell 1954;Reiss 1954;Koch 1977;Barr 1966Barr , 1970Akimetz et al 1983;El-Nady 2006;Petters 1977;Dubicka and Peryt 2016). However, in stratigraphically well-labelled successions it is consistently dated as latest Santonian (Barr 1970;Koch 1977;Akimetz et al 1983;Hart et al 1989;Schönfeld 1990;Niebuhr et al 1999;Hampton et al 2007).…”

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“…These proved the first valid species of Bolivinoides as acknowledged herein, after 45 years of almost continuous reports, and in which only species that are junior synonyms of the pre-existing ones were described. Despite these advances, test ultrastructures and high resolution morphological features were misunderstood in two subsequent studies (Beniamovsky and Kopaevich, 2016;Dubicka and Peryt, 2016).…”