<i>Blastocystis hominis</i> colitis in a haemophilic patient as a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Lucía, J. F.; Aguilar, C; Betrán, Ana Pilar

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01434.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several drugs have been used against Blastocystis infection, the most common still being metronidazole (MTZ), as the first-line treatment, followed by nitazoxanide (NTZ), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), ketoconazole, and tinidazole as secondary treatments. Studies have shown that, while MTZ demonstrates effectiveness in some individuals [ 112 , 113 ], it has also been shown to exhibit side effects and resistance in others [ 114 , 115 ]. Most probably, it depends on the Blastocystis subtypes.…”

Section: The Influence Of Different Diets On Blastocystis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?

Lepczyńska

Białkowska

Dzika

et al. 2017

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Blastocystis is an enteric parasite that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many animals. This emerging parasite has a worldwide distribution. It is often identified as the most common eukaryotic organism reported in human fecal samples. This parasite is recognized and diagnosed more often than ever before. Furthermore, some strains develop resistance against currently recommended drugs, such as metronidazole; therefore, the use of natural remedies or special diets has many positive aspects that may address this problem. The goal of this review is to compare natural treatments and various diets against the efficacy of drugs, and describe their influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, which affects Blastocystis growth and the occurrence of symptoms. This article reviews important work in the literature, including the classification, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, genetics, biology, and treatment of Blastocystis. It also includes a review of the current knowledge about human gut microbiota and various diets proposed for Blastocystis eradication. The literature has revealed that garlic, ginger, some medical plants, and many spices contain the most effective organic compounds for parasite eradication. They work by inhibiting parasitic enzymes and nucleic acids, as well as by inhibiting protein synthesis. The efficacy of any specific organic compound depends on the Blastocystis subtype, and, consequently, on its immunity to treatment. In conclusion, the article discusses the findings that human gut microbiota composition triggers important mechanisms at the molecular level, and, thus, has a crucial influence on the parasitic pathogenicity.

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Section: The Influence Of Different Diets On Blastocystis mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?

Lepczyńska

Białkowska

Dzika

et al. 2017

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Metronidazole is the most frequently prescribed antibiotic for infections [24,79,80]. Various drug treatments using metronidazole have been prescribed ranging from 250–750 mg three times a day for 10 days [81,82] or used in combination with other drugs including paromomycin [25] or trimethroprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp

et al. 2014

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Although Blastocystis is one of the most common enteric parasites, there is still much controversy surrounding the pathogenicity and potential treatment options for this parasite. In this review we look at the evidence supporting Blastocystis as an intestinal pathogen as shown by numerous case studies and several in vivo studies and the evidence against. We describe the chronic nature of some infections and show the role of Blastocystis in immunocompromised patients and the relationship between irritable bowel syndrome and Blastocystis infection. There have been several studies that have suggested that pathogenicity may be subtype related. Metronidazole is the most widely accepted treatment for Blastocystis but several cases of treatment failure and resistance have been described. Other treatment options which have been suggested include paromomycin and trimethroprim- sulfamethoxazole.

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“…infection, the most commonly used still being Metronidazole (MTZ), as the first-line treatment followed by Nitazoxanide, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), Ketoconazole, and Tinidazole as secondary treatments. Studies have shown that while MTZ demonstrates effectiveness in some individuals [ 7 , 8 ] it has also shown to exhibit side effects and resistance in others [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia): a possible therapeutic candidate against Blastocystis sp.

2015

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BackgroundIn the local Malaysian context, herbal plants such as Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali), Orthosiphon stamineus (MisaiKucing), Ficus deltoidea (Mas Cotek), Zingiber officinale (Halia Bara) and Barringtonia racemosa (Putat) are known and widely used for its therapeutic properties. The first part of this study aims to screen for the anti-protozoal activity of these herbal plant extracts against Blastocystis sp. isolate subtype (ST) 3. Herbal extract with the highest efficacy was further fractionized into water and ethyl acetate fractions and tested against ST1, ST3 and ST5 Blastocystis sp. isolates. These isolates were also exposed to allopathic drugs, Metronidazole (MTZ), Tinidazole, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX), Ketoconazole and Nitazoxanide for comparison purpose.MethodsBlastocystis sp. isolates from human-derived stool samples were exposed to herbal extracts and allopathic drugs at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml and were incubated at 37 °C. Growth profile studies were carried out. After 72 h of treatment, the viability of Blastocystis sp. as a result of the effects of the drugs and herbal extracts were assessed.ResultsBased on the screening process, amongst all the extracts, Tongkat Ali exhibited the highest anti-protozoal activity at 1.0 mg/ml. Between the water and ethyl acetate fractions of Tongkat Ali, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a slightly higher percentage of anti-protozoal activity at 1.0 mg/ml across subtypes, ST1 (94.9 %), ST3 (95.1 %) and ST5 (94.3 %). When tested with allopathic drugs, at the same concentration, MTZ exhibited the highest anti-protozoal activity across subtypes, ST1 (95.8 %), ST3 (93.4 %) and ST5 (90.8 %).ConclusionThis study is the first to describe the anti-protozoal properties of Tongkat Ali against Blastocystis sp. isolates. Ethyl acetate fraction of Tongkat Ali demonstrated the highest anti-protozoal activity against Blastocystis sp. isolates and showed a sizeable reduction in the cell count which was comparable with MTZ. Tongkat Ali also demonstrated a more uniformed sensitivity across subtypes in comparison to the allopathic drugs.

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Blastocystis hominis colitis in a haemophilic patient as a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?

Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?

Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia): a possible therapeutic candidate against Blastocystis sp.

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