I-BEAT: Ultrasonic method for online measurement of the energy distribution of a single ion bunch

Haffa, Daniel; Yang, Rong; Ji, Bin; Lehrack, Sebastian; Brack, Florian‐Emanuel; Ding, Hao; Englbrecht, Franz Siegfried; Gao, Ying; Gebhard, J. W.; Gilljohann, Max; Götzfried, Johannes; Hartmann, Jens; Herr, Sebastian; Hilz, P.; Kraft, Stephan; Kreuzer, Christian; Kroll, Florian; Lindner, Florian; Metzkes-Ng, Josefine; Ostermayr, Tobias; Ridente, Enrico; Rösch, Thomas F.; Schilling, G.; Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter; Speicher, Martin; Taray, Derya; Würl, Matthias; Zeil, Karl; Schramm, U.; Karsch, Stefan; Parodi, Katia; Bolton, Paul R.; Assmann, W.; Schreiber, Jörg

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42920-5

Cited by 23 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…A tailored compact monitor of this sort can be calibrated to a certain ion species for energy measurements. It has been demonstrated that even the energy distribution of a single ion bunch can be reconstructed from the ionoacoustic signal shape using a novel technique (called I-BEAT), that makes further use of the detector transfer function [12]. To replace an accelerator trigger, an appropriate scintillation detector can be used in transmission or attached to the monitor looking for prompt reaction gammas [9].…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acoustic detectors can take advantage of their huge dynamic range and moreover, the acoustic signal is separated from the EMP due to the longer transit time of the sound wave. This has recently been demonstrated for energetic protons accelerated by state-of-the-art PW class lasers, where the typically broad energy distribution of a single polyenergetic proton bunch was reconstructed using the ultrasound signal from a single piezo-composite (PZT) transducer [12]. Moreover, acoustic signals from GeV heavy ions have been studied at accelerators in various experimental configurations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionoacoustic detection of swift heavy ions

Lehrack

Assmann

Bender

et al. 2020

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The maximum energy loss (Bragg peak) located near the end of range is a characteristic feature of ion stopping in matter, which generates an acoustic pulse, if ions are deposited into a medium in adequately short bunches. This so-called ionoacoustic effect has been studied for decades, mainly for astrophysical applications, and it has recently found renewed interest in proton therapy for precise range measurements in tissue. After detailed preparatory studies with 20 MeV protons at the MLL tandem accelerator, ionoacoustic range measurements were performed in water at the upgraded SIS18 synchrotron of GSI with 238 U and 124 Xe ion beams of energy about 300 MeV/u, and 12 C ions of energy about 200 MeV/u using fast beam extraction to get 1 microsecond pulse lengths. Acoustic signals were recorded in axial geometry by standard piezo-based transducers at a 500 kHz mean frequency and evaluated in both the time and frequency domains. The resulting ranges for the different ions and energies were found to agree with Geant4 simulations as well as previous measurements to better than 1%. Given the high accuracy provided by ionoacoustic range measurements in water and their relative simplicity, we propose this new method for stopping power measurements for heavy ions at GeV energies and above. Our experimental results clearly demonstrate the potential of an ionoacoustic particle monitor especially for very intense heavy ion beams foreseen at future accelerator facilities.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionoacoustic detection of swift heavy ions

Lehrack

Assmann

Bender

et al. 2020

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…In addition to the aforementioned approaches, in vivo range/dose verification utilizing proton‐induced acoustic (protoacoustic) signals is a very promising alternative solution. Since the concept was initially proposed by Askaryan, many groups have worked on a number of aspects including both numerical simulations and experimental measurements . Sulak et al experimentally detected acoustic signals produced by proton beams in fluid media and successfully demonstrated a thermal expansion model for this phenomenon .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation studies of time reversal‐based protoacoustic reconstruction for range and dose verification in proton therapy

Yu¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2019

Medical Physics

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Purpose In vivo range verification in proton therapy is a critical step to help minimize range and dose uncertainty. We propose to employ a time reversal (TR)‐based approach using proton‐induced acoustics (protoacoustics) to reconstruct pressure/dose distribution in heterogeneous tissues. Methods The dose distribution of mono‐energetic proton pencil beam in a CT‐based patient phantom was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. K‐wave toolbox was used to investigate protoacoustic pressurization, propagation and reconstruction in 2D. To address the tissue heterogeneity effect, a number of physical parameters, including mass density (ρ), speed of sound (c), volumetric thermal expansion coefficient (αV), isobaric specific heat capacity (Cp) and attenuation power law prefactor (α0), were empirically converted from CT number. The performance was evaluated using two figures of merit: mean square error (MSE) of pressure profiles and Bragg peak localization error (ΔBP). The impact of six parameters of the TR inversion was examined, including number of sensors, sampling duration, sampling timestep, spill time, noise level and number of iterations. Results The quantitative accuracy of TR reconstruction and its dependency on the selected parameters is presented. Under optimum conditions, the positioning accuracy of the Bragg peak can be controlled below 1 mm. For instance, MSE is 0.0123 and ΔBP is 0.59 mm under the following conditions (32 sensors, sampling duration: 600 µs, sampling timestep: 40 ns, spill time: 1 µs, no noise). Conclusions The feasibility of TR‐based protoacoustic reconstruction in 2D for proton range verification was first demonstrated. The approach is not only applicable to pencil beam, but also has potential to be extended to passive scattering systems.

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“…In PBT applications, several simulation-based studies have been performed, focusing on analysis in a simple water medium [10][11][12][13] and in prostate and liver cancer patients 14 . Moreover, experimental studies have been performed, and positive results have been demonstrated using a linac 15 , a tandem accelerator 16 , a synchrotron [17][18][19][20] , laser-plasma accelerator 21 , and clinical-use accelerators, such as an isochronous cyclotron 22 and a synchrocyclotron 23 . However, compared to PET and PG detection, the use of the ionoacoustic wave detection has not been much explored because of the weakness of the pressure wave (of the order of millipascals) available during clinical beam delivery 22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

On-line range verification for proton beam therapy using spherical ionoacoustic waves with resonant frequency

Takayanagi

Uesaka

Nakamura

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In contrast to conventional X-ray therapy, proton beam therapy (PBT) can confine radiation doses to tumours because of the presence of the Bragg peak. However, the precision of the treatment is currently limited by the uncertainty in the beam range. Recently, a unique range verification methodology has been proposed based on simulation studies that exploit spherical ionoacoustic waves with resonant frequency (SPIREs). SPIREs are emitted from spherical gold markers in tumours initially introduced for accurate patient positioning when the proton beam is injected. These waves have a remarkable property: their amplitude is linearly correlated with the residual beam range at the marker position. Here, we present proof-of-principle experiments using short-pulsed proton beams at the clinical dose to demonstrate the feasibility of using SPIREs for beam-range verification with submillimetre accuracy. These results should substantially contribute to reducing the range uncertainty in future PBT applications.

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I-BEAT: Ultrasonic method for online measurement of the energy distribution of a single ion bunch

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Ionoacoustic detection of swift heavy ions

Ionoacoustic detection of swift heavy ions

Simulation studies of time reversal‐based protoacoustic reconstruction for range and dose verification in proton therapy

On-line range verification for proton beam therapy using spherical ionoacoustic waves with resonant frequency

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