<i>Bartonella</i> Species Infection in Cats

Pennisi, Maria Grazia; Marsilio, Fulvio; Hartmann, Katrin; Lloret, Albert; Addie, Diane; Belák, Sándór; Boucraut-Baralon, Corine; Egberink, Herman; Frymus, Tadeusz; Gruffydd-Jones, Tim; Hosie, Margaret J.; Lutz, Hans; Möstl, Karin; Radford, Alan; Thiry, Étienne; Truyen, Uwe; Horzinek, Marian C.

doi:10.1177/1098612x13489214

Cited by 68 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Recognised risk factors for bacteraemia in cats are young age (<12 months), infestation with fleas, an outdoor lifestyle and a multicat environment [11,29,30]. Data obtained in the present study corroborates these findings, as most of the cats PCR-positive to Bartonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Subclinical infection with B. clarridgeiae or B. henselae , agents of the cat scratch disease, is frequently reported in cats, which are therefore regarded as a major reservoir for human infection [27,29,30]. Recognised risk factors for bacteraemia in cats are young age (<12 months), infestation with fleas, an outdoor lifestyle and a multicat environment [11,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern Portugal

et al. 2014

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BackgroundFeline vector-borne diseases (FVBD) have emerged in recent years, showing a wider geographic distribution and increased global prevalence. In addition to their veterinary importance, domestic cats play a central role in the transmission cycles of some FVBD agents by acting as reservoirs and sentinels, a circumstance that requires a One Health approach. The aim of the present work was to molecularly detect feline vector-borne bacteria and protozoa with veterinary and zoonotic importance, and to assess associated risk factors in cats from southern Portugal.MethodsSix hundred and forty-nine cats (320 domestic and 329 stray), from veterinary medical centres and animal shelters in southern Portugal, were studied. Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Hepatozoon spp. and Leishmania spp. infections were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in blood samples.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-four (29.9%) cats were PCR-positive to at least one of the tested genera or complex of FVBD agents. Sixty-four (9.9%) cats were positive to Leishmania spp., 56 (8.6%) to Hepatozoon spp., 43 (6.6%) to Babesia spp., 35 (5.4%) to Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., 19 (2.9%) to Bartonella spp. and 14 (2.2%) to B. burgdorferi s.l. Thirty-three (5.1%) cats were positive to two (n = 29) or three (n = 4) genera/complex. Babesia vogeli, Bartonella clarridgeiae, Bartonella henselae, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon felis and Leishmania infantum were identified by DNA sequencing.ConclusionsThe occurrence of FVBD agents in southern Portugal, some of them with zoonotic character, emphasizes the need to alert the veterinary community, owners and public health authorities for the risk of infection. Control measures should be implemented to prevent the infection of cats, other vertebrate hosts and people.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern Portugal

et al. 2014

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“…In 2005, the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) conditionally recommended the screening of canine and feline blood donors in order to obtain a Bartonella -free donor pool, especially for cats due to the high frequency of bacteremia in this host [ 44 ]. This recommendation for cats has been recently ratified by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) [ 45 ]. The results of our study indicate that guidelines for human blood transfusions should be designed, with special attention to the selection of Bartonella -free blood products for transfusion to immune suppressed subjects, which would include pediatric and geriatric patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella spp. Bacteremia in Blood Donors from Campinas, Brazil

et al. 2015

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Bartonella species are blood-borne, re-emerging organisms, capable of causing prolonged infection with diverse disease manifestations, from asymptomatic bacteremia to chronic debilitating disease and death. This pathogen can survive for over a month in stored blood. However, its prevalence among blood donors is unknown, and screening of blood supplies for this pathogen is not routinely performed. We investigated Bartonella spp. prevalence in 500 blood donors from Campinas, Brazil, based on a cross-sectional design. Blood samples were inoculated into an enrichment liquid growth medium and sub-inoculated onto blood agar. Liquid culture samples and Gram-negative isolates were tested using a genus specific ITS PCR with amplicons sequenced for species identification. Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. B. henselae was isolated from six donors (1.2%). Sixteen donors (3.2%) were Bartonella-PCR positive after culture in liquid or on solid media, with 15 donors infected with B. henselae and one donor infected with Bartonella clarridgeiae. Antibodies against B. henselae or B. quintana were found in 16% and 32% of 500 blood donors, respectively. Serology was not associated with infection, with only three of 16 Bartonella-infected subjects seropositive for B. henselae or B. quintana. Bartonella DNA was present in the bloodstream of approximately one out of 30 donors from a major blood bank in South America. Negative serology does not rule out Bartonella spp. infection in healthy subjects. Using a combination of liquid and solid cultures, PCR, and DNA sequencing, this study documents for the first time that Bartonella spp. bacteremia occurs in asymptomatic blood donors. Our findings support further evaluation of Bartonella spp. transmission which can occur through blood transfusions.

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“…There some 22 different species of Bartonella , but Bartonella henselae is the species most commonly found in humans and cats [ 162 ]. In recent years there have been a considerable number of papers and reviews that focus on the disease and too many to include in this review [ 156 , 158 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 ]. Several species of the Gram-negative bacteria in the genus Bartonella have been reported in fleas.…”

Section: Veterinary and Medical Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…McElroy et al write, “Currently, because of the difficulty in identifying animals that would benefit from therapy, antimicrobial agents are not recommended to treat or prevent Bartonella infections in cats” [ 153 ]. No vaccines are yet available and flea and tick control seem to be the best preventive option [ 162 ]. Even though the direct treatment of cats and dogs for rickettsial diseases may not be a primary recommendation, minimizing the risk of transmission by providing flea control is clearly important [ 3 ].…”

Section: Veterinary and Medical Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review

Rust

2017

Insects

113

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The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché) is the most important ectoparasite of domestic cats and dogs worldwide. It has been two decades since the last comprehensive review concerning the biology and ecology of C. f. felis and its management. Since then there have been major advances in our understanding of the diseases associated with C. f. felis and their implications for humans and their pets. Two rickettsial diseases, flea-borne spotted fever and murine typhus, have been identified in domestic animal populations and cat fleas. Cat fleas are the primary vector of Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever) with the spread of the bacteria when flea feces are scratched in to bites or wounds. Flea allergic dermatitis (FAD) common in dogs and cats has been successfully treated and tapeworm infestations prevented with a number of new products being used to control fleas. There has been a continuous development of new products with novel chemistries that have focused on increased convenience and the control of fleas and other arthropod ectoparasites. The possibility of feral animals serving as potential reservoirs for flea infestations has taken on additional importance because of the lack of effective environmental controls in recent years. Physiological insecticide resistance in C. f. felis continues to be of concern, especially because pyrethroid resistance now appears to be more widespread. In spite of their broad use since 1994, there is little evidence that resistance has developed to many of the on-animal or oral treatments such as fipronil, imidacloprid or lufenuron. Reports of the perceived lack of performance of some of the new on-animal therapies have been attributed to compliance issues and their misuse. Consequentially, there is a continuing need for consumer awareness of products registered for cats and dogs and their safety.

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Bartonella Species Infection in Cats

Abstract: Treatment is recommended in the rare cases where Bartonella actually causes disease.

Cited by 68 publications

References 57 publications

Bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern Portugal

Bacterial and protozoal agents of feline vector-borne diseases in domestic and stray cats from southern Portugal

Bartonella spp. Bacteremia in Blood Donors from Campinas, Brazil

The Biology and Ecology of Cat Fleas and Advancements in Their Pest Management: A Review

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