<i>BACTEROIDES RUMINICOLA</i>
            N. SP. AND
            <i>SUCCINIMONAS AMYLOLYTICA</i>
            THE NEW GENUS AND SPECIES

Bryant, M. P.; Small, Nola; Bouma, Cecelia; Chu, Hilda

doi:10.1128/jb.76.1.15-23.1958

Cited by 234 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The media used to determine the appearance and final pH in glucose broth and for determination of growth and gas production in glucose-agar were described by Bryant et al. (12). The medium used for determination of cellulose digestion and starch hydrolysis was the basal medium described by Bryant and Small (11) with the addition of 30% (v/v) rumen fluid and 0.1% (w/v) each of soluble starch and ball-milled Whatman no.…”

Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium Without Rumen Fluid for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of Rumen Bacteria

Caldwell

Bryant

1966

Applied Microbiology

397

207

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Beltsville, Md.), AND MARVIN P. BRYANT. Medium without rumen fluid for nonselective enumeration and isolation of rumen bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 14:794-801. 1966.-Colony counts which approximated those in a habitat-simulating, rumen fluid-agar medium (RFM) were obtained in medium 10, a medium identical to the RFM except for the replacement of rumen fluid with 1.5 X 10-6 M hemin, 0.2% Trypticase, 0.05% yeast extract, and a 6.6 X 10-2 M volatile fatty acid mixture qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that in rumen fluid. Single deletion of Trypticase, yeast extract, or the volatile fatty acid mixture from medium 10 significantly reduced colony counts. Colony counts were also reduced when medium 10 was modified to contain higher concentrations of Trypticase or volatile fatty acids. Significant differences were found between colony counts obtained from diluted rumen contents of animals fed a cracked corn-urea diet, and the colony counts obtained from animals fed either a cracked corn-soyean oil meal or an alfalfa hay-grain diet. Qualitative differences were found between the predominant bacterial strains isolated from rumen contents of animals fed cracked corn diets and strains isolated from animals fed alfalfa haygrain. Regardless of differences in the predominant flora associated with diet, medium 10 and the RFM supported growth of similar bacterial populations. The results show that medium 10 is suitable for enumeration and isolation of many predominant rumen bacteria.

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Section: 0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium Without Rumen Fluid for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of Rumen Bacteria

Caldwell

Bryant

1966

Applied Microbiology

397

207

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“…Prevotella/Bacteroides may account for 60–70% of ribosomal sequence diversity in rumen samples [7,13]. A similarly high proportion of cultured isolates from the rumen have been reported to be Prevotella strains in some studies [14–16]. The genotypic and phenotypic variability within cultured strains of rumen Prevotella has been demonstrated [17,18] and recently the redefinition of the species P. ruminicola and the elevation of three different groups of strains to the species level was proposed [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Unravelling the genetic diversity of ruminal bacteria belonging to the CFB phylum

Ramšak¹,

Peterka²,

Tajima³

et al. 2000

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

104

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Molecular biology approaches were employed to examine the genetic diversity of bacteria from the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides (CFB) phylum in the rumen of cattle. By this means we were able to identify cultured strains that represent some of the larger CFB clusters previously identified only by PCR amplification and sequencing. Complete 16S rDNA sequences were obtained for 16 previously isolated rumen strains, including the type strains of Prevotella ruminicola, P. bryantii, P. brevis and P. albensis to represent a wide range of diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of cultured strains revealed the existence of three clusters of ruminal CFB: (i) a cluster of Prevotella strains, which have been found only in the rumen, including the two type strains, P. brevis GA33(T) and P. ruminicola 23(T); (ii) Prevotella spp. that cluster with prevotellas from other ecological niches such as the oral cavity and which include the type strains, P. bryantii B(1)4(T) and P. albensis M384(T); (iii) two Bacteroides spp. strains clustering with B. forsythus of oral origin. In order to establish whether the cultivated isolates cover the whole range of ruminal CFB genetic diversity, 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified and cloned from DNA extracted from the same rumen samples (one cow in Slovenia, one in Scotland and three in Japan). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA genes confirmed the existence of two superclusters of ruminal Prevotella, one exclusively ruminal and the other including non-ruminal species. In the case of ruminal Bacteroides spp., however, phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of three new superclusters, one of which has as yet no cultivable counterpart. Interestingly, these Bacteroides clusters were represented almost exclusively by clone libraries from the Japanese cattle and only three sequences were from the European cattle. This study agrees with previous analyses in showing that rumen Prevotella/Bacteroides strains exhibit a remarkable degree of genetic diversity and suggests that different strain groupings may differ greatly in their recovery by cultural methods. The most important conclusion, however, is that cultured strains can be identified that represent some of the larger clusters previously identified only by PCR amplification and sequencing.

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“…Incubation of pure cultures with toxin. Bacterioides ruminicola strain 23 (5) and Bacteroides amylophilus strain H18 (2) were cultured in a medium similar to the RGCA medium of Bryant and Burkey (3) except that agar was deleted, the ruminal fluid (40%, vol/vol) used had been clarified (4), and soluble starch (0.4%, wt/vol) and Trypticase (BBL; 0.5%, wt/vol) were added. Toxin was added to these cultures at the same concentration used in experiments with the mixed microbial population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum toxin by ruminal microbes from cattle and sheep

Allison¹,

Maloy²,

Matson³

1976

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Toxin from Clostridium botulinum type C was rapidly inactivated during incubation in vitro with ruminal contents from either a cow or a sheep. Fractions of ruminal contents from which cells had been removed by high-speed centrifugation did not inactivate toxin. Inactivation was associated with fractions containing bacteria, whereas fractions containing protozoa and relatively few bacteria were much less active. This activity may help explain the relatively greater tolerance by ruminants to oral doses of botulinum toxin than to toxin administered by other routes. The results are also pertinent to assays for botulinum toxin from gastrointestinal samples obtained postmortem.

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BACTEROIDES RUMINICOLA N. SP. AND SUCCINIMONAS AMYLOLYTICA THE NEW GENUS AND SPECIES

Cited by 234 publications

References 18 publications

Medium Without Rumen Fluid for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of Rumen Bacteria

Medium Without Rumen Fluid for Nonselective Enumeration and Isolation of Rumen Bacteria

Unravelling the genetic diversity of ruminal bacteria belonging to the CFB phylum

Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum toxin by ruminal microbes from cattle and sheep

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