<i>BACTEROIDES</i> OF THE HUMAN LOWER INTESTINAL TRACT

Salyers, Abigail A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.38.100184.001453

Cited by 263 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There are 400 distinct species of bacteria in the human colon and five genera account 70%. Bacteroides account for 30% of all fecal isolates; some species are opportunistic and not associated with any significant problem [3]. Recent report of cases by Chankowsky et al [1] demonstrated the same bacteria as one of the causative pathogen as seen in our case.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Thigh infection and subcutaneous emphysema: an emergency, review of literature and case discussion

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thigh infection associated with local emphysematous signs on presentation to the emergency room should alert the medical staff at once of potential complication associated with it. The infection may be associated with underlying bowel pathology and has a high mortality rate. Hence, emergency treatment should be instituted. We discuss a case with this uncommon presentation, treatment administered and relevant literature.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Thigh infection and subcutaneous emphysema: an emergency, review of literature and case discussion

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bacteroides spp. are the most common anaerobes in the gut and were therefore chosen to represent the anaerobic flora other than C. difficile (15). The amounts of clostridial DNA and toxin from the Uninfected control; (B) infected cecum at day 3; (C) vancomycin treated infection at day 9 (relapse); (D) histopathology scores of cecal tissues of uninfected mice (n ϭ 12), infected mice (n ϭ 16), mice infected and treated with vancomycin (n ϭ 15), and mice infected treated with nitazoxanide (n ϭ 16) moribund (at any day) or sacrificed (at the end of the experiment).…”

Section: Effects Of Vancomycin On Acute CDI (1st Week Postinfection)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin Treatment's Association with Delayed Intestinal Tissue Injury, Clostridial Overgrowth, and Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection in Mice

Warren

Opstal

Riggins

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antibiotic treatment, including vancomycin, for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been associated with recurrence of disease in up to 25% of infected persons. This study investigated the effects of vancomycin on the clinical outcomes, intestinal histopathology, and anaerobic community during and after treatment in a murine model of CDI. C57BL/6 mice were challenged with C. difficile strain VPI 10463 after pretreatment with an antibiotic cocktail. Twenty-four hours after infection, mice were treated daily with vancomycin, nitazoxanide, fidaxomicin, or metronidazaole for 5 days. Mice were monitored for either 6 or 12 days postinfection. Clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores were measured. Cecal contents or stool samples were assayed for clostridial or Bacteroides DNA and C. difficile toxins A and B. Vancomycin treatment of infected mice was associated with improved clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores and survival during treatment. However, after discontinuation of the drug, clinical scores and histopathology were worse in treated mice than in untreated infected controls. At the end of the study, 62% of the vancomycin-treated mice succumbed to recurrence, with an overall mortality rate equivalent to that of the untreated infected control group. Fidaxomicin-treated mice had outcomes similar to those of vancomycin-treated mice. C. difficile predominated over Bacteroides in cecal contents of vancomycin-treated mice, similar to findings for untreated infected mice. Decreasing the duration of vancomycin treatment from 5 days to 1 day decreased recurrence and deaths. In conclusion, vancomycin improved clinical scores and histopathology acutely but was associated with poor outcome posttreatment in C. difficileinfected mice. Decreasing vancomycin exposure may decrease relapse and improve survival in CDI.

show abstract

“…The composition of the bacterial community also differs significantly, suggesting that microbes use distinct and appropriate adaptation strategies to establish a successful niche. In fact, among the Bacteroides, which together account for Ϸ30% of fecal isolates (1), the viable cell number of Bacteroides fragilis (BF) is 10-to 100-fold smaller than those of other intestinal Bacteroides such as B. thetaiotaomicron (BT), B. distasonis, and B. vulgatus (1), but BF is the most frequent at the mucosal surface (2). It also is the most frequent isolate from clinical specimens, particularly from abdominal cavity infections, and is regarded as the most virulent Bacteroides species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic analysis of Bacteroides fragilis reveals extensive DNA inversions regulating cell surface adaptation

Kuwahara

Yamashita

Hirakawa

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

246

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacteroides are predominant human colonic commensals, but the principal pathogenic species, Bacteroides fragilis (BF), lives closely associated with the mucosal surface, whereas a second major species, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT), concentrates within the colon. We find corresponding differences in their genomes, based on determination of the genome sequence of BF and comparative analysis with BT. Both species have acquired two mechanisms that contribute to their dominance among the colonic microbiota: an exceptional capability to use a wide range of dietary polysaccharides by gene amplification and the capacity to create variable surface antigenicities by multiple DNA inversion systems. However, the gene amplification for polysaccharide assimilation is more developed in BT, in keeping with its internal localization. In contrast, external antigenic structures can be changed more systematically in BF. Thereby, at the mucosal surface, where microbes encounter continuous attack by host defenses, BF evasion of the immune system is favored, and its colonization and infectious potential are increased.

show abstract

BACTEROIDES OF THE HUMAN LOWER INTESTINAL TRACT

Cited by 263 publications

References 42 publications

Thigh infection and subcutaneous emphysema: an emergency, review of literature and case discussion

Thigh infection and subcutaneous emphysema: an emergency, review of literature and case discussion

Vancomycin Treatment's Association with Delayed Intestinal Tissue Injury, Clostridial Overgrowth, and Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection in Mice

Genomic analysis of Bacteroides fragilis reveals extensive DNA inversions regulating cell surface adaptation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About