Bacopa monnieri‐Induced Protective Autophagy Inhibits Benzo[a]pyrene‐Mediated Apoptosis

Abstract

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is capable of inducing oxidative stress and cellular injuries leading to cell death and associates with a significant risk of cancer development. Prevention of B[a]P-induced cellular toxicity with herbal compound through regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress might protect cell death and have therapeutic benefit to human health. In this study, we demonstrated the cytoprotective role of Bacopa monnieri (BM) against B[a]P-induced apoptosis through autophagy induction. Pretreatment with BM rescued the reduction in cell viability in B[a]P-treated human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells indicating the cytoprotective potential of BM against B[a]P. Moreover, BM was found to inhibit B[a]P-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis activation in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, BM was found to preserve mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited release of cytochrome c in B[a]P-treated HaCaT cells. Bacopa monnieri induced protective autophagy; we knocked down Beclin-1, and data showed that BM was unable to protect from B[a]P-induced mitochondrial ROS-mediated apoptosis in Beclin-1-deficient HaCaT cells. Moreover, we established that B[a]P-induced damaged mitochondria were found to colocalize and degraded within autolysosomes in order to protect HaCaT cells from mitochondrial injury. In conclusion, B[a]P-induced apoptosis was rescued by BM treatment and provided cytoprotection through Beclin-1-dependent autophagy activation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Particulate Matter-Induced Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulates Autophagy in Keratinocytes

“…8). As previous studies suggest that autophagy can cause either deleterious or cytoprotective depending on different stimulation (Das et al ., 2016), additional studies on the consequences of p62 accumulation are needed.…”

“…Autophagy is regulated by autophagy related genes (ATGs) and begins with formation of the phagophore. Several proteins including LC3-II and p62 are induced during autophagy as well (Das et al ., 2016). We confirmed that PM induces autophagy in keratinocytes, and found that both LC3 and p62 were induced by treatment with PM (Fig.…”

The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis

“…Interestingly, the increase in acridine orange staining was detected at or below the lowest concentration capable of inducing either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Whilst alcoholic extracts of Bacopa monnieri have been shown to protect against benzo[a]pyrene induced apoptosis in immortalised human keratinocytes through beclin-1-dependant autophagy activation [ 22 ], this is the first study to suggest that bacopaside II might induce autophagy.…”

Phytochemicals Bridging Autophagy Induction and Alpha-Synuclein Degradation in Parkinsonism

“…A few recent studies suggest that B. monnieri exerts its beneficial effects through autophagy activation. In fact, B. monnieri protects against Benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cytotoxicity through autophagy induction [210]. An important standpoint in this study is that B. monnieri confer cytoprotection through induction of autophagy-dependent removal of damaged mitochondria, since inhibition of autophagy by Beclin-1 KO occludes its cytoprotective effects [210].…”

“…In fact, B. monnieri protects against Benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cytotoxicity through autophagy induction [210]. An important standpoint in this study is that B. monnieri confer cytoprotection through induction of autophagy-dependent removal of damaged mitochondria, since inhibition of autophagy by Beclin-1 KO occludes its cytoprotective effects [210]. Again, bacopasides found within B. monnieri activate autophagy to modulate stem-cell cycle and growth [211].…”