Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alters gene expression, ROS production and lignin synthesis in cotton seedling roots

Abstract

This study demonstrated that beneficial bacteria can alter gene expression of cotton that leads to growth promotion.

Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management

“…It is unknown what is produced or degraded by the intracellular microbes to initiate the gravitropic response in seedling roots. Endophytic microbes in plants have also been shown to enhance root growth and increase root branching, further leading to increased plant growth . These effects of endophytes on root growth are generally attributed to production of growth regulators by microbes; however, enhanced nutrient acquisition from microbes may equally contribute to enhanced plant growth.…”

“…In one experiment it was found that grass plants obtained approximately 30% of nitrogen from rhizophagy . Gene responses of plants infected with endophytes often show that plant antioxidants and nitrate transporters are among genes upregulated in plants . These upregulated genes may be the result of increased oxidative reactions in roots and increased liberation of nitrates resulting from protein degradation.…”

“…In the soil Bacillus spp. and some other bacteria colonize hyphae of soil fungi and use lipopeptides to induce leakage in the hyphal membranes . This capacity of some microbes to tap into nutrients contained in soil microbes emphasizes the importance of a diverse and healthy soil microbial community.…”

“…3,4 Other endophytes may be recruited from the soil but similarly benefit plants. 4 Endophytic microbes are important components of plants, and they function in the following ways: (i) increase nutrients acquired by plants, [5][6][7][8] (ii) defend plants from pathogens and insects, [9][10][11] (iii) increase stress tolerance in plants, 12,13 (iv) modulate plant development, [13][14][15] and (v) suppress weed growth. 16 The particular mechanisms by which endophytic microbes fill the various functions in plants likely differ depending on the microbe and plant.…”

“…[24][25][26] Gene responses of plants infected with endophytes often show that plant antioxidants and nitrate transporters are among genes upregulated in plants. 7,8,13 These upregulated genes may be the result of increased oxidative reactions in roots and increased liberation of nitrates resulting from protein degradation. Another experiment involving tomato seedlings employed elevated carbon dioxide to suppress superoxide formation and extraction of nutrients from microbes; here rhizophagy cycle suppression resulted in reduced absorption into seedlings of potassium, calcium and sulfur (J.…”