“…[7][8][9] For instance, Cecilia Antyi Makiwane is considered the first Black woman to graduate from Lovedale Mission Hospital in South Africa in 1908. 7,10 Missionaries trained Black nurses in South Africa with the same standards as their white counterparts to construct a new elite with a new identity, stripped of their indigeneity. 8 However, by the 1930s and 1940s, (white) Afrikaner nurses constituted most of the nursing workforce, and white English nurses occupied leadership positions, 8 reinforcing beliefs about Black inferiority.…”