<i>Asystolic Gradient, Intrinsic Blood Pressure and Critical Closing Pressure in the Human Forearm</i>

Lanari, A; Bromberger-Barnea, B.; Attinger, Ernst O.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1956.9.1.69

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Previous measurements of closing pressure in the vascular beds of the rabbit's ear and hindlimb (Nichol et al, 1951;Girling, 1952), the rat's hindlimb (Doyle, 1953), the dog's intestinal (Alexander, 1954), coronary (Downey and Kirk, 1975;Bellamy, 1978;Sherman et al, 1980), and femoral beds (Ehrlich et al, 1980), and the human forearm and finger (Lanari et al, 1956;Burton and Yamada, 1951;Yamada, 1954) ranged from 10 to 74 mm Hg, the higher values obtained during increased vasoconstrictor activity. The closing pressure of the entire systemic arterial bed has been estimated previously by linearly extrapolating systemic pressure-flow curves to zero flow (Wetterer and Pieper, 1955;Ehrlich et al, 1975;Sagawa and Eisner, 1975;Jackman and Green, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…WHEN blood flow through a circulatory bed is stopped, inflow pressure frequently falls to a level substantially higher than outflow pressure (Nichol et aL, 1951;Girling, 1952;Doyle, 1953;Alexander, 1954;Downey and Kirk, 1975;Bellamy, 1978;Lanari et al, 1956;Burton and Yamada, 1951;Yamada, 1954;Ehrlich et al, 1980). Burton (1951) proposed that this phenomenon could be erplained by vascular closure and thus called the level to which inflow pressure fell the "critical closing pressure (Pc)."…”

Section: Effects Of Hypoxia On the Closingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation.

Sylvester¹,

Gilbert²,

Traystman³

et al. 1981

Circulation Research

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SUMMARY We studied the relationships among closing pressure (Pc) and Indices of systemic arterial resistance (Ra) and compliance (Ca) during hypoxic hypoxia (HH) and carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH) in anesthetized dogs with cardiac bypass and constant ventilation. Closing pressure was measured as the lowest level to which arterial pressure (Pa) fell after inflow to the arterial bed was reduced suddenly to zero. Since the fall of Pa to Pc could be well-described as a single exponential function of time and since Pc was always greater than outflow (venous) pressure, Ra and Ca were determined by applying a "vascular waterfall" model to the arterial bed. During HH, Pc increased while Ra and Ca decreased. WHEN blood flow through a circulatory bed is stopped, inflow pressure frequently falls to a level substantially higher than outflow pressure (Nichol et aL, 1951; Girling, 1952;Doyle, 1953;Alexander, 1954;Downey and Kirk, 1975;Bellamy, 1978;Lanari et al., 1956;Burton and Yamada, 1951;Yamada, 1954;Ehrlich et al., 1980). Burton (1951) proposed that this phenomenon could be erplained by vascular closure and thus called the level to which inflow pressure fell the "critical closing pressure (Pc)." Since Pc increased after interventions designed to increase vasomotor tone (Burton and Yamada, 1951;Nichol et al., 1951;Bellamy, 1978;Sherman et al., 1980; Girling, 1980;Doyle, 1953; Burton and Stinson, 1960), Burton (1951) recommended that Pc be used as an index of vasomotor tone.More often, however, vascular resistance, the ratio of driving pressure to flow, is used as an index of vasomotor tone; for example, an increase in resistance commonly is thought to reflect an increase in tone. This conclusion assumes, however, that an increase in tone causes a decrease in vascular caliber. This assumption may not always be valid (Permutt and Riley, 1963).In a previous study in anesthetized dogs with constant ventilation (Sylvester et al., 1979), we found that both hypoxic hypoxia (HH) and carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH) decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR), calculated as the difference between mean arterial and right atrial pressure divided by cardiac output. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of HH and COH on the critical closing pressure of the systemic arterial bed and to relate these effects to changes in indices of arterial resistance and compliance. MethodsWe studied 18 adult mongrel dogs weighing 18.2-23.6 kg. After premedication with ketamine (10 mg/ kg, im), each animal was anesthetized with chloralose (60 mg/kg, iv), intubated and ventilated at a rate and tidal volume sufficient to maintain arterial C0 2 tension between 30 and 40 mm Hg. Once this level of ventilation was established, it was not altered during the experiments. After anticoagulation with heparin (10,000 U, iv), both femoral arteries were cannulated. A midstemal thoracotomy then was performed, and both atria and the pulmonary artery were cannulated. These cannulas were attached to an extracorporeal perfusion system primed with blo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Effects Of Hypoxia On the Closingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation.

Sylvester¹,

Gilbert²,

Traystman³

et al. 1981

Circulation Research

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“…32,45 MCFP, as defined by Guyton, is ‘the pressure that would be measured at all points in the entire circulatory system if the heart were stopped suddenly and the blood were redistributed instantaneously in such a manner that all pressures were equal’ (quoted in 46). 46 Previous work in several species 47,48 including some necessarily limited work in man 49 has shown that P zf differs from venous pressure and that in most cases 47,48,50,51 (but not all cases 52 ), there is no equalisation of arterial pressure with venous or right atrial pressure, even after prolonged cessation of flow. Whether P zf corresponds to MCFP has not been formally examined previously as far as we can tell, so in order to address this question, we undertook a systematic review of the literature; some of these data have been published previously in abstract form.…”

Section: The Relation Of Pzf To P∞ and The Physiological Interpretatimentioning

confidence: 99%

The modified arterial reservoir: An update with consideration of asymptotic pressure (P_∞) and zero-flow pressure (P_zf)

Hughes

Parker

2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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This article describes the modified arterial reservoir in detail. The modified arterial reservoir makes explicit the wave nature of both reservoir ( Pres) and excess pressure ( Pxs). The mathematical derivation and methods for estimating Pres in the absence of flow velocity data are described. There is also discussion of zero-flow pressure ( Pzf), the pressure at which flow through the circulation ceases; its relationship to asymptotic pressure ( P∞) estimated by the reservoir model; and the physiological interpretation of Pzf . A systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that Pzf differs from mean circulatory filling pressure.

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“…The slower the rate of pressure decline after occlusion, the greater is the resistance assumed to be. Using this method vascular resistance was found to be considerably greater in hypertensive patients than in normals (136).…”

Section: Cardiac Output and Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…An interesting method for estimating changes in peripheral resistance has been to occlude an artery suddenly while continuously measuring the pres sure beyond the occlusion point (136,137). The slower the rate of pressure decline after occlusion, the greater is the resistance assumed to be.…”

Section: Cardiac Output and Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Circulation

Guyton¹

1959

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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During the two years since Peterson's review of the peripheral circulation in the Annual Review of Physiology (1), such a tremendous volume of litera ture on this subject has appeared that the references reviewed in the present paper have had to be selected with extreme care. Also, because the pharma cological aspects of the peripheral circulation were reviewed in the Annual Review of Physiology by Bovet & Carpi in 1957 (2), only those aspects of the pharmacology of the peripheral circulation that shed light on physiological mechanisms will be covered. This paper presents, first, the general dynamics of the peripheral circulation and then studies relating to certain peripheral circulatory diseases and regional vascular beds. BLOOD VOLUMEMeasurements.-The methods for measuring blood volume have been reviewed by Mertz (3). Especially interesting in the past two years has been the development of far more knowledge concerning the vascular-extravascu lar interchange of fluids and proteins (4 to 12), the lack of which has long been one of the major deterrents to accurate measurements of blood volume. Studies, particularly by Mayerson et al. (4, 5) and Huggins et al. (7 to 11), have shown that transfusion of large excesses of blood or other fluids into the circulation can sometimes so overstretch the capillaries that a "stretched pore phenomenon" (5) occurs, allowing excessive leakage not only of fluid into the extravascular spaces but also of large portions of the plasma pro tein. Becapse of this effect the usual dilution techniques for measuring blood volume become very inaccurate. However, by using radioactive protein, then allowing the plasma proteins to come to equilibrium with the extra vascular proteins, and finally mathematically accounting for the extra vascular portion of the proteins, it is possible to determine plasma volumes with reasonable accuracy even when proteins leak from the circulation very rapidly (4, 6). Regulation of blood volume.-Sjostrand (13), in reviewing the regulation of blood volume, points out that the basic regulatory factor is the capacity of the vascular system itself. The next factor of importance is the shift of fluids through the capillary membrane between the extravascular and vascu lar spaces. Following transfusion into a normal animal, fluid loss into the tissues begins immediately and continues until the blood volume is read justed to a normal value; and, conversely, following hemorrhage the dynam ics of capillary equilibrium cause an immediate onset of fluid transfer into 1 The survey of the literature pertaining to this review was concluded May 1,1958. 239 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1959.21:239-270. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -San Francisco UCSF on 02/02/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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Asystolic Gradient, Intrinsic Blood Pressure and Critical Closing Pressure in the Human Forearm

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation.

Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation.

The modified arterial reservoir: An update with consideration of asymptotic pressure (P_∞) and zero-flow pressure (P_zf)

Peripheral Circulation

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Asystolic Gradient, Intrinsic Blood Pressure and Critical Closing Pressure in the Human Forearm

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation.

Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation.

The modified arterial reservoir: An update with consideration of asymptotic pressure (P∞) and zero-flow pressure (Pzf)

Peripheral Circulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The modified arterial reservoir: An update with consideration of asymptotic pressure (P_∞) and zero-flow pressure (P_zf)