<i>Aspergillus flavus</i>

Amaike, Saori; Keller, Nancy P.

doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095221

Cited by 548 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 214 publications

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“…Transformed peanut lines (288-10 and 288-11) were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, by integrating dsRNA targeting five genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis (RNAi-5x) as previously reported [22]. The five genes were AFL2G 07223 (aflS or aflJ), AFL2G 07224 (aflR), AFL2G 07228 (aflC/pksA/pksL1), AFL2G 07731 (pes1), and AFL2G 05027 (aflatoxin efflux pump, aflep); numbers correspond to accessions in A. flavus genome annotation (BROAD Institute, Cambridge MA), other names are in parentheses [28]. Peanut line 288-9 went through the process of transformation but did not carry the RNAi-5X insert or the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), and was used as a control.…”

Section: Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

et al. 2017

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Power, Imana L.; Dang, Phat M.; Sobolev, Victor S.; Orner, Valerie; Powell, Joseph L.; Lamb, Marshall C.; and Arias, Renée S., "Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic andaflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut" (2017 t r a c tAflatoxin contamination is a major constraint in food production worldwide. In peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), these toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare. The use of RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising method to reduce or prevent the accumulation of aflatoxin in peanut seed. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small RNA populations in a control line and in two transformed peanut lines that expressed an inverted repeat targeting five genes involved in the aflatoxin-biosynthesis pathway and that showed up to 100% less aflatoxin B 1 than the controls. The objective was to determine the putative involvement of the small RNA populations in aflatoxin reduction. In total, 41 known microRNA (miRNA) families and many novel miRNAs were identified. Among those, 89 known and 10 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed in the transformed lines. We furthermore found two small interfering RNAs derived from the inverted repeat, and 39 sRNAs that mapped without mismatches to the genome of A. flavus and were present only in the transformed lines. This information will increase our understanding of the effectiveness of RNAi and enable the possible improvement of the RNAi technology for the control of aflatoxins.

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Section: Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

et al. 2017

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“…Fragments of AFL2G_07224 (aflR), AFL2G_07223 (aflS or aflJ), AFL2G_05027 (aflatoxin efflux pump, aflep), AFL2G_07228 (aflC/pksA/pksL1), and AFL2G_07731 (pes1) were used for the construct, numbers on Figure 1 correspond to A. flavus genome annotation in BROAD Institute, Cambridge, MA, and the literature 42 . A total of 99 peanut lines were regenerated after going through the transformation process, 50 were PCR positive for NPTII detected by STN-PCR, and 33 lines were PCR positive and produced seeds.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/<em>Aspergillus</em> Pathosystem

Arias

Dang

Соболев

2015

JoVE

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Citation: Arias, R.S., Dang, P.M., Sobolev, V.S. RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem. J. Vis. Exp. (106), e53398, doi:10.3791/53398 (2015). AbstractThe Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that 25% of the food crops in the world are contaminated with aflatoxins. That represents 100 million tons of food being destroyed or diverted to non-human consumption each year. Aflatoxins are powerful carcinogens normally accumulated by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in cereals, nuts, root crops and other agricultural products. Silencing of five aflatoxin-synthesis genes by RNA interference (RNAi) in peanut plants was used to control aflatoxin accumulation following inoculation with A. flavus. Previously, no method existed to analyze the effectiveness of RNAi in individual peanut transgenic events, as these usually produce few seeds, and traditional methods of large field experiments under aflatoxin-conducive conditions were not an option. In the field, the probability of finding naturally contaminated seeds is often 1/100 to 1/1,000. In addition, aflatoxin contamination is not uniformly distributed. Our method uses few seeds per transgenic event, with small pieces processed for real-time PCR (RT-PCR) or small RNA sequencing, and for analysis of aflatoxin accumulation by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). RNAi-expressing peanut lines 288-72 and 288-74, showed up to 100% reduction (p≤0.01) in aflatoxin B 1 and B 2 compared to the control that accumulated up to 14,000 ng . This protocol describes the application of RNAi-mediated control of aflatoxins in transgenic peanut seeds and methods for its evaluation. We believe that its application in breeding of peanut and other crops will bring rapid advancement in this important area of science, medicine and human nutrition, and will significantly contribute to the international effort to control aflatoxins, and potentially other mycotoxins in major food crops.

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“…Aspergillus flavus is saprophytic soil fungus that infects and contaminates pre-harvest and post-harvest seed crops with the carcinogenic secondary metabolite aflatoxin (Amaike and Keller, 2011). Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is associated with an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (Hui-Chen et al, 2009;Maryann et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness Survey on Knowledge of Microbial Infectious Causes of Cancer in Northern State of Sudan

Ahmed

2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of cancer awareness after delivering educational programs by assessing the awareness in regard to the role of microbial infectious agents in the etiology of some cancers. Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed places such as schools, clubs, mosques and Government health centre. A total of 21,415 participants benefited from these programs. Two hundred individuals were randomly selected for filling a form regarding the relationship between cancer and microbial infectious agent. During the programs, information was given about cancer, causes and prevention. During the program, pamphlets related to cancer were distributed among the participants to educate them about cancer.

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Aspergillus flavus

Cited by 548 publications

References 214 publications

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/<em>Aspergillus</em> Pathosystem

Awareness Survey on Knowledge of Microbial Infectious Causes of Cancer in Northern State of Sudan

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