<i>Arabidopsis</i>TTG2 Regulates<i>TRY</i>Expression through Enhancement of Activator Complex-Triggered Activation

Pesch, Martina; Dartan, Burcu; Birkenbihl, Rainer P.; Somssich, Imre E.; Hülskamp, Martin

doi:10.1105/tpc.114.129379

Cited by 57 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Furthermore, the interaction of TTG2 with TTG1 suggests that TTG2 is, like PH3, involved in the activation of MBW target genes (Figure 7). This is consistent with results showing that GL2 and TRY are direct targets of the TTG1-GL3-GL1 complex and that GL2 and TRY expression is coregulated by TTG2 (Ishida et al, 2007;Zhao et al, 2008;Morohashi and Grotewold, 2009;Pesch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Functional Divergence Of Mbw Complexessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our results show that interactions with other transcription factors, such as the WRKY proteins PH3 and TTG2, also contribute to the specificity of MBW complexes because ph3 abolishes expression of PH1, PH5, and at least eight other AN1-AN11-PH4-regulated genes of unknown function almost completely (Verweij, 2007;Verweij et al, 2008;Faraco et al, 2014) but reduces DFR expression only three fold and has no clear effect on anthocyanin accumulation. This resembles recent findings in Arabidopsis showing that ttg2 strongly reduces the expression of some MBW-regulated trichome patterning genes, such as TRYPTICHON (TRY), whereas other genes, such as CAPRICE and GL2, are reduced only moderately (Pesch et al, 2014). Given that TTG2 can bind to TTG1 and to sites in the TRY promoter, the role of TTG2, and by extension PH3, might be to specifically enhance MBW binding to a subset of target promoters that contain WRKY binding sites over promoters lacking such sites (Pesch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Functional Divergence Of Mbw Complexessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This resembles recent findings in Arabidopsis showing that ttg2 strongly reduces the expression of some MBW-regulated trichome patterning genes, such as TRYPTICHON (TRY), whereas other genes, such as CAPRICE and GL2, are reduced only moderately (Pesch et al, 2014). Given that TTG2 can bind to TTG1 and to sites in the TRY promoter, the role of TTG2, and by extension PH3, might be to specifically enhance MBW binding to a subset of target promoters that contain WRKY binding sites over promoters lacking such sites (Pesch et al, 2014).…”

Section: Functional Divergence Of Mbw Complexessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Pesch et al (2014) recently reported very similar results for TTG1 and TTG2 and confirmed direct binding of TTG1 and TTG2 in vitro. The WD40-WRKY interactions triggered a much weaker yeast two-hybrid response, being barely if at all detectable, with the more stringent and less sensitive ADE and LacZ reporter genes, than the interactions of the same WD40 proteins with AN1 or JAF13 (Figure 6).…”

Section: Ph3 and Ttg2 Interact With The Wd40 Proteins An11 And Ttg1supporting

confidence: 59%

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Functionally Similar WRKY Proteins Regulate Vacuolar Acidification in Petunia and Hair Development in Arabidopsis

Verweij¹,

et al. 2016

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The WD40 proteins ANTHOCYANIN11 (AN11) from petunia (Petunia hybrida) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) from Arabidopsis thaliana and associated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and MYB transcription factors activate a variety of differentiation processes. In petunia petals, AN11 and the bHLH protein AN1 activate, together with the MYB protein AN2, anthocyanin biosynthesis and, together with the MYB protein PH4, distinct genes, such as PH1 and PH5, that acidify the vacuole. To understand how AN1 and AN11 activate anthocyanin biosynthetic and PH genes independently, we isolated PH3. We found that PH3 is a target gene of the AN11-AN1-PH4 complex and encodes a WRKY protein that can bind to AN11 and is required, in a feed-forward loop, together with AN11-AN1-PH4 for transcription of PH5. PH3 is highly similar to TTG2, which regulates hair development, tannin accumulation, and mucilage production in Arabidopsis. Like PH3, TTG2 can bind to petunia AN11 and the Arabidopsis homolog TTG1, complement ph3 in petunia, and reactivate the PH3 target gene PH5. Our findings show that the specificity of WD40-bHLH-MYB complexes is in part determined by interacting proteins, such as PH3 and TTG2, and reveal an unanticipated similarity in the regulatory circuitry that controls petunia vacuolar acidification and Arabidopsis hair development. INTRODUCTIONRegulatory complexes consisting of a MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40 protein (MBW complexes) control multiple pathways involved in the differentiation of epidermal cells in angiosperms (reviewed in Broun, 2005;Koes et al., 2005;Ramsay and Glover, 2005;Ishida et al., 2008). The best understood function of this complex involves the biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments that color many flowers and fruits. Closely related, and in most cases functionally exchangeable, MYB, bHLH, and WD40 proteins collaboratively activate the transcription of genes that encode enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in a broad range of species, including distantly related dicots like Arabidopsis thaliana (a Rosid) and petunia (Petunia hybrida; an Asterid) and monocots like maize (Zea mays; Koes et al., 2005;Hichri et al., 2011;Petroni and Tonelli, 2011). In addition, related MBW complexes activate numerous other pathways and processes, such as vacuolar acidification, formation of seed mucilage, and the development of hair cells, a process that seems restricted to smaller sets of species (Koes et al., 2005;Ramsay and Glover, 2005;Serna and Martin, 2006).In petunia flowers, the WD40 protein ANTHOCYANIN11 (AN11) and the bHLH factor AN1 activate structural anthocyanin genes in floral tissues, such as petals and anthers, and a few vegetative tissues (Quattrocchio et al., 1993;de Vetten et al., 1997;Spelt et al., 2000). To this end, AN11 and AN1 interact with paralogous and exchangeable MYB proteins, which are encoded by AN2, AN4, and DEEP PURPLE and are expressed in different tissues (Quattrocchio et al., 1999(Quattrocchio et al., , 2006Albert et al., 2011). Furthermore, AN1 and AN11 activate, in concert...

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Section: Functional Divergence Of Mbw Complexessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Functional Divergence Of Mbw Complexessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Functional Divergence Of Mbw Complexessupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Ph3 and Ttg2 Interact With The Wd40 Proteins An11 And Ttg1supporting

confidence: 59%

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Functionally Similar WRKY Proteins Regulate Vacuolar Acidification in Petunia and Hair Development in Arabidopsis

Verweij¹,

et al. 2016

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“…5B). The existence of higher ordered MBW complexes containing additional proteins is suggested by the recent finding that the WRKY transcription factor TTG2 can bind directly to TTG1 and through TTG1 to GL3 (Pesch et al, 2014). This interaction scheme seems to be relevant, as TTG2 regulates the TRY promoter by enhancing the transcriptional activation by the MBW complex (Pesch et al, 2014).…”

Section: S:cdsmentioning

confidence: 93%

TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 and GLABRA1 Compete for Binding to GLABRA3 in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-6592-4445 (J.F.H.); 0000-0001-6633-9769 (M.K.); 0000-0002-1317-7716 (R.S.); 0000-0001-7734-3771 (S.W.-P.).The MBW (for R2R3MYB, basic helix-loop-helix [bHLH], and WD40) genes comprise an evolutionarily conserved gene cassette that regulates several traits such as (pro)anthocyanin and anthocyanin biosynthesis and epidermal cell differentiation in plants. Trichome differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is governed by GLABRA1 (GL1; R2R3MYB), GL3 (bHLH), and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1; WD40). They are thought to form a trimeric complex that acts as a transcriptional activation complex. We provide evidence that these three MBW proteins form either GL1 GL3 or GL3 TTG1 dimers. The formation of each dimer is counteracted by the respective third protein in yeast three-hybrid assays, pulldown experiments (luminescence-based mammalian interactome), and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies. We further show that two target promoters, TRIPTYCHON (TRY) and CAPRICE (CPC), are differentially regulated: GL1 represses the activation of the TRY promoter by GL3 and TTG1, and TTG1 suppresses the activation of the CPC promoter by GL1 and GL3. Our data suggest that the transcriptional activation by the MBW complex involves alternative complex formation and that the two dimers can differentially regulate downstream genes.One well-studied example for a single regulatory protein complex driving the evolution of multiple traits in plants is the R2R3MYB/basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)/WD40 (MBW) complex (Broun, 2005;Koes et al., 2005;Ramsay and Glover, 2005;Serna and Martin, 2006;Feller et al., 2011). Together, the corresponding three genes are required for the regulation of metabolic pathways (anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin production) and the differentiation of epidermal cell types in higher plants (Broun, 2005;Koes et al., 2005;Ramsay and Glover, 2005;Serna and Martin, 2006;

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Genetic determinism of prickles in rose

et al. 2020

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The genetic determinism of prickle in rose is complex, with a major locus on LG3 that controls the absence/presence of prickles on the rose stem. Declarations Author Contributions Contributions NN Zhou designed the projects and obtained funding, planned and performed experiments, collected and analyzed data, and drafted the manuscript. F. Foucher and L. Hibrand-Saint Oyant were responsible for piloting and supervising the project, and for revising the manuscript. KX Tang contributed to designing the project and obtaining funding. J. Jeauffre led the qPCR experiment and analyzed data. T. Thouroude prepared the plant cuttings of F1 individuals in the greenhouse. D. Lopez Arias modified the genetic map and helped to develop the R/qtl script.

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ArabidopsisTTG2 RegulatesTRYExpression through Enhancement of Activator Complex-Triggered Activation

Cited by 57 publications

References 65 publications

Functionally Similar WRKY Proteins Regulate Vacuolar Acidification in Petunia and Hair Development in Arabidopsis

Functionally Similar WRKY Proteins Regulate Vacuolar Acidification in Petunia and Hair Development in Arabidopsis

TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 and GLABRA1 Compete for Binding to GLABRA3 in Arabidopsis

Genetic determinism of prickles in rose

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