Applied Solar Energy: An Introduction

Development of W–SiO2 and Nb–TiO2 solar absorber coatings for combined heat and power systems at intermediate operation temperatures

“…No such samples were however prepared for this study. In order to improve these absorber coatings further, the infrared reflector must be changed to a metal with lower emittance, but then more protecting layers must be introduced as done in [3,4] where silver was replacing molybdenum. The Mo reflector used here from sputter-deposition was contributing with 0.07-0.08 by itself.…”

“…The emittance at 380 1C could then be lowered from 0.13 to 0.06, but in combination with a solar absorptance that decreased from 0.96 to 0.94. Also earlier studies show that silver is a good candidate for reducing thermal emittance but needs a diffusion barrier of a thin dielectric layer between the substrate metal and the silver [4]. There are also some new coatings reported for STE applications that show high solar absorptance in combination with low thermal Contents lists available at ScienceDirect emittance.…”

An alternative methodology to treat solar radiation data for the optical efficiency estimate of different types of collectors

“…Fig. 3c represents the energy distribution on the sky vault, obtained with one-minute DNI data produced with a simple clear sky model (Meinel and Meinel, 1976); in this model the DNI can be computed once the zenith angle h z and the extraterrestrial radiation I 0 are known:…”

A literature review on estimating of PV-array hourly power under cloudy weather conditions

“…Moreover, Yaghoubi andSabazevari [111] worked on two radiation models of [112] to predict daily solar energy for a few specific locations of Iran. Other studies used sunshine hours in order to estimate global surface solar radiation for different places in the world such as [113][114][115][116][117]. Finally, the solar map of Iran for 12 months (12 maps for 12 months using ArcGIS software) is given in Fig.…”