I and i Antigens, and Cold Agglutination

Daniels, Geoff

doi:10.1002/9781118493595.ch25

Human Blood Groups 2013

DOI: 10.1002/9781118493595.ch25

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I and i Antigens, and Cold Agglutination

Geoff Daniels

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Cited by 2 publications

References 182 publications

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Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

et al. 2022

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Our immune system is critical for preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infections, but aberrant immune responses can have deleterious effects. While antibodies to glycans could recognize the virus and influence the clinical outcome, little is known about their roles. Using a carbohydrate antigen microarray, we profiled serum antibodies in healthy control subjects and COVID-19 patients from two separate cohorts. COVID-19 patients had numerous autoantibodies to self-glycans, including anti-ganglioside antibodies that can cause neurological disorders. Additionally, nearly all anti-glycan IgM signals were lower in COVID-19 patients, indicating a global dysregulation of this class of antibodies. Autoantibodies to certain N-linked glycans correlated with more severe disease, as did low levels of antibodies to the Forssman antigen and ovalbumin. Collectively, this study indicates that expanded testing for anti-glycan antibodies could be beneficial for clinical analysis of COVID-19 patients and illustrates the importance of including host and viral carbohydrate antigens when studying immune responses to viruses.

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Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

et al. 2022

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I-int phenotype among three individuals of a Parsi community from Mumbai, India

Joshi¹

2014

Immunohematology

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The red blood cells (RBCs) of most adult individuals display an I+i– phenotype, whereas those of newborns and some rare adult individuals are typed as I–i+. The phenotype in the latter category, designated as adult i, is under genetic influence as the RBCs of I+i+ individuals display strengths of I and i antigen expression intermediate to that of ordinary adults and ii-adults. As there was no information on the occurrence of adult i phenotype in the Indian population, the present study was undertaken. The RBCs of randomly selected subjects were screened with anti-I and anti-i reagents by a saline tube technique at 22°C. Individuals with unusual I and i antigen reactivity patterns were further tested by a semi-quantitative method with a battery of anti-I and anti-i reagents, followed by family studies. Three of the 5864 donors tested showed an elevated strength of i antigen. Further study revealed an intermediate strength of both I and i antigens compared with those on RBCs from adult and cord blood samples. All three probands came from an ethnic Parsi community. The phenotype (referred to as I-int) was shown to be inherited, being passed through two generations, but none of the members of the families had displayed an adult i phenotype. The I-int phenotype detected showed an ethnic association because all three subjects belonged to an endogamous Parsi community that has migrated to India some centuries ago from Persia, the present-day Iran. Immunohematology 2014;30:11–13.

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I and i Antigens, and Cold Agglutination

Cited by 2 publications

References 182 publications

Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

Abnormal antibodies to self-carbohydrates in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

I-int phenotype among three individuals of a Parsi community from Mumbai, India

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