<i>Ancylostoma ceylanicum</i> Hookworms in Dogs, Grenada, West Indies

Zendejas-Heredia, Patsy A.; Colella, Vito; Macpherson, Maxine L.A.; Sylvester, Wayne; Gasser, Robin B.; Macpherson, C. N. L.; Traub, Rebecca J.

doi:10.3201/eid2809.220634

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“… 16 , 19 , 23 – 25 All three species of hookworms infecting humans are globally distributed, including A. ceylanicum , which has been described in Asia, Oceania, Africa, 2 , 26 , 27 and more recently the Americas. 4 , 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic Distribution of Human Infections with Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Anthropophilic Hookworms in Ecuador: A Retrospective Analysis of Archived Stool Samples

Aguilar-Rodríguez,

Seco-Hidalgo,

Lopez

et al. 2024

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Zoonotic human infections with Ancylostoma ceylanicum have recently been reported in the Americas. We used archived human stool samples to study the geographic distribution of human infections with A. ceylanicum and anthropophilic hookworms in different geoclimatic regions (coastal, Andean, and Amazon) of Ecuador. We analyzed retrospectively archived human stool samples from five studies previously screened for hookworm infection by microscopy, of which four included hookworm-positive samples only and one involved hookworm-negative samples to increase geographic distribution of sampling. Stools were analyzed using multi-parallel quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to detect Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, A. ceylanicum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Sequencing was done for the A. ceylanicum cox1 gene. A total of 132 samples were analyzed, of which 69 (52.3%) were from hookworm-positive and 63 (47.7%) from hookworm-negative individuals by microscopy. Overall, 82.6% of microscopy-positive samples and 33.3% of microscopy-negative samples were positive for hookworm by qPCR. Of microscopy-positive samples, 36.2% were A. ceylanicum, 37.7% A. duodenale, and 33.3% N. americanus, whereas equivalent proportions for microscopy-negative samples were 1.6%, 31.7%, and 1.6%, respectively. Ancylostoma duodenale was the most widely dispersed geographically, followed by N. americanus. Ancylostoma ceylanicum was least dispersed but was detected in coastal and Amazon regions. In conclusion, human infections with A. ceylanicum, A. duodenale, and N. americanus were detected in different geoclimatic regions of Ecuador. Additional studies are required to further define the epidemiology of human A. ceylanicum infections, but the potentially widespread presence of this helminth in human populations in Ecuador has implications for hookworm control strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 Autochthonous infections with A. ceylanicum in the Americas have only recently been described in humans in Ecuador 4 and dogs in Grenada in the Caribbean. 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Distribution of Human Infections with Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Anthropophilic Hookworms in Ecuador: A Retrospective Analysis of Archived Stool Samples

Aguilar-Rodríguez,

Seco-Hidalgo,

Lopez

et al. 2024

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…First, while being most common in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, the geographic extent of A. ceylanicum continues to expand with the increasing use of molecular methods that distinguish hookworm species. Indeed, A. ceylanicum has recently been identified for the first time in the Americas ( 52 , 53 ). Second, diagnosis and geographical mapping relies on molecular PCR methods which are more costly and resource-intensive than traditional parasitological methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effectiveness of One Health interventions against the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum

Walker

Lambert²,

Neves³

et al. 2023

Front. Med.

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Hookworm disease is a major global public health concern, annually affecting 500–700 million of the world's poorest people. The World Health Organization is targeting the elimination of hookworm as a public health problem by 2030 using a strategy of mass drug administration (MDA) to at-risk human populations. However, in Southeast Asia and the Pacific the zoonotic hookworm species, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, is endemic in dogs and commonly infects people. This presents a potential impediment to the effectiveness of MDA that targets only humans. Here, we develop a novel multi-host (dog and human) transmission model of A. ceylanicum and compare the effectiveness of human-only and “One Health” (human plus dog) MDA strategies under a range of eco-epidemiological assumptions. We show that One Health interventions—targeting both dogs and humans—could suppress prevalence in humans to ≤ 1% by the end of 2030, even with only modest coverage (25–50%) of the animal reservoir. With increasing coverage, One Health interventions may even interrupt transmission. We discuss key unresolved questions on the eco-epidemiology of A. ceylanicum, the challenges of delivering MDA to animal reservoirs, and the growing importance of One Health interventions to human public health.

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“…In Australia, a recent study of wild dogs (dingoes and dingo hybrids) in periurban areas of northern Australia found that up to 100% were infected with A. ceylanicum thus constituting a zoonotic risk to communities in this tropical area of northern Australia (Smout et al, 2013). Most recently, molecular tools have confirmed the presence of A. ceylanicum in the West Indies and South America (Sears et al, 2022;Zendejas-Heredia et al, 2022). In many areas where hookworm is endemic, dogs are common in villages and communities where a number of hookworm species may coexist in humans and dogs.…”

Section: Epidemiologyunderstanding Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic helminths – why the challenge remains

Thompson

2023

J. Helminthol.

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Helminth zoonoses remain a global problem to public health and the economy of many countries. Polymerase chain reaction-based techniques and sequencing have resolved many taxonomic issues and are now essential to understanding the epidemiology of helminth zoonotic infections and the ecology of the causative agents. This is clearly demonstrated from research on Echinococcus (echinococcosis) and Trichinella (trichinosis). Unfortunately, a variety of anthropogenic factors are worsening the problems caused by helminth zoonoses. These include cultural factors, urbanization and climate change. Wildlife plays an increasingly important role in the maintenance of many helminth zoonoses making surveillance and control increasingly difficult. The emergence or re-emergence of helminth zoonoses such as Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Toxocara, Dracunculus and Thelazia exacerbate an already discouraging scenario compounding the control of a group of long neglected diseases.

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Ancylostoma ceylanicum Hookworms in Dogs, Grenada, West Indies

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Geographic Distribution of Human Infections with Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Anthropophilic Hookworms in Ecuador: A Retrospective Analysis of Archived Stool Samples

Geographic Distribution of Human Infections with Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Anthropophilic Hookworms in Ecuador: A Retrospective Analysis of Archived Stool Samples

Modeling the effectiveness of One Health interventions against the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum

Zoonotic helminths – why the challenge remains

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