<i>An-1</i> Encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein That Regulates Awn Development, Grain Size, and Grain Number in Rice

Luo, Jun; Liu, Hui; Zhou, Tong; Gu, Benguo; Huang, Xuehui; Shangguan, Yingying; Zhu, Jingjie; Li, Yan; Zhao, Yan; Wang, Yongchun; Zhao, Qiang; Wang, Ahong; Wang, Ziqun; Su, Tao; Wang, Zixuan; Han, Bin

doi:10.1105/tpc.113.113589

Cited by 215 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…The transition from wild to domesticated rice was accompanied by numerous morphological and physiological changes. To date, genetic factors underlying several rice domestication-related traits, such as seed shattering, prostrate growth habit, red pericarp, spreading panicle, dark hull color, and awn length have been cloned and characterized at the molecular level (Li et al, 2006;Konishi et al, 2006;Sweeney et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2007;Tan et al, 2008;Jin et al, 2008;Zhu et al, 2011;Ishii et al, 2013;Luo et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous genetic studies identified many quantitative trait loci related to awn length in rice (Shigetoshi et al, 1996;Thomson et al, 2003;Xiong et al, 1999), and one major quantitative trait locus for awn length has been cloned and characterized at the molecular level (Luo et al, 2013). An-1 encodes a basic helixloop-helix transcription factor that positively regulates the formation of awn primordia and negatively regulates grain number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An-1 encodes a basic helixloop-helix transcription factor that positively regulates the formation of awn primordia and negatively regulates grain number. The derived allele, an-1, which confers loss of awns and an increase in grain yield, was selected by humans during rice domestication (Luo et al, 2013). In addition, molecular mechanisms underlying awn traits are recently being addressed (Yuo et al, 2012;Toriba and Hirano, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LABA1, a Domestication Gene Associated with Long, Barbed Awns in Wild Rice

et al. 2015

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Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), the wild relative of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa), flaunts long, barbed awns, which are necessary for efficient propagation and dissemination of seeds. By contrast, O. sativa cultivars have been selected to be awnless or to harbor short, barbless awns, which facilitate seed processing and storage. The transition from long, barbed awns to short, barbless awns was a crucial event in rice domestication. Here, we show that the presence of long, barbed awns in wild rice is controlled by a major gene on chromosome 4, LONG AND BARBED AWN1 (LABA1), which encodes a cytokinin-activating enzyme. A frame-shift deletion in LABA1 of cultivated rice reduces the cytokinin concentration in awn primordia, disrupting barb formation and awn elongation. Sequencing analysis demonstrated low nucleotide diversity and a selective sweep encompassing an ;800-kb region around the derived laba1 allele in cultivated rice. Haplotype analysis revealed that the laba1 allele originated in the japonica subspecies and moved into the indica gene pool via introgression, suggesting that humans selected for this locus in early rice domestication. Identification of LABA1 provides new insights into rice domestication and also sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying awn development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LABA1, a Domestication Gene Associated with Long, Barbed Awns in Wild Rice

et al. 2015

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“…Thorough understanding of rice domestication processes and molecular mechanisms active in cultivated rice will be beneficial for rice improvement. During the past 10 years, the rice evolutionary mechanisms and several domestication-related genes, including Sh4/SHA1 (Konishi et al, 2006;Li et al, 2006;Lin et al, 2007), PROG1 (Jin et al, 2008;Tan et al, 2008), Bh4 (Zhu et al, 2011), Rc (Sweeney et al, 2006), OsLG1 (Ishii et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2013), An-1 (Luo et al, 2013), and LABA1/An-2 (Gu et al, 2015;Hua et al, 2015), were characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAD1 Encodes a Secreted Peptide That Regulates Grain Number, Grain Length, and Awn Development in Rice Domestication

et al. 2016

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Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) was domesticated from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), which typically displays fewer grains per panicle and longer grains than cultivated rice. In addition, wild rice has long awns, whereas cultivated rice has short awns or lacks them altogether. These changes represent critical events in rice domestication. Here, we identified a major gene, GRAIN NUMBER, GRAIN LENGTH AND AWN DEVELOPMENT1 (GAD1), that regulates those critical changes during rice domestication. GAD1 is located on chromosome 8 and is predicted to encode a small secretary signal peptide belonging to the EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE family. A frame-shift insertion in gad1 destroyed the conserved cysteine residues of the peptide, resulting in a loss of function, and causing the increased number of grains per panicle, shorter grains, and awnless phenotype characteristic of cultivated rice. Our findings provide a useful paradigm for revealing functions of peptide signal molecules in plant development and helps elucidate the molecular basis of rice domestication.

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“…For example, SHATTERING4 (SH4), which encodes a MYB transcription factor, and qSH1, which encodes a homeobox transcription factor, have been identified as the major loci controlling the shattering behavior in rice, driving the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel (Konishi et al, 2006;Li et al, 2006). In addition, PROSTRATE GROWTH1 (PROG1), which encodes a single Cys2-His2 zinc-finger domain protein, has been associated with prostrate growth behavior in domesticated rice (Jin et al, 2008), while AWN-1 (AN-1), which encodes a bHLH protein, is associated with the optimization of awn features and the associated increase in grain number per panicle during rice domestication (Luo et al, 2013). Domestication has also helped to increase sink strength by increasing the number of cells in the outer glume of the rice flower, through the activity of qSW5 (QTL for seed width on chromosome 5) (Shomura et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Effect Of Domestication On Crop Developmental Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features

2016

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A number of plant features and traits, such as overall plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features, vascular architecture and flowering time are important determinants of photosynthetic efficiency and hence the overall performance of crop plants. The optimization of such developmental traits thus has great potential to increase biomass and crop yield. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these developmental traits in crop plants, summarizing their genetic regulation and highlighting the potential of manipulating these traits for crop improvement. We also briefly review the effects of domestication on the developmental features of crop plants. Finally, we discuss the potential of functional genomics-based approaches to optimize plant developmental traits to increase yield.

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An-1 Encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein That Regulates Awn Development, Grain Size, and Grain Number in Rice

Cited by 215 publications

References 55 publications

LABA1, a Domestication Gene Associated with Long, Barbed Awns in Wild Rice

LABA1, a Domestication Gene Associated with Long, Barbed Awns in Wild Rice

GAD1 Encodes a Secreted Peptide That Regulates Grain Number, Grain Length, and Awn Development in Rice Domestication

Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features

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