<i>Ampelisca eschrichtii</i> Krøyer, 1842 (<i>Ampeliscidae</i>) of the Sakhalin Shelf in the Okhotsk Sea starve in summer and feast in winter

Durkina, V. B.; Chapman, John W.; Demchenko, Natalia L.

doi:10.7717/peerj.4841

Cited by 6 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…These resources may not have to be consistently high. Temperate A. macrocephala can withstand starvation for at least 5 months in aquaria (Kanneworff 1965) and its Arctic congener, A. eschrichtii, can starve through the summer when phytoplankton are largely out of reach, growing and reproducing in winter when storms mix phytoplankton to within reach (Durkina et al 2018).…”

Section: Environmental Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense ampeliscid bed on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf: an explanation for species patterns

2018

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The first known ampeliscid (Amphipoda: Ampeliscidae) bed for the Canadian Arctic was reported in 2013 from the Canadian Beaufort Shelf (CBS), but species patterns were not examined. This study examines their distributions relative to differences in life strategies and environmental variables. The intent is to build a better understanding of this highly productive system in comparison with ampeliscid beds in the neighboring Bering and Chukchi Seas which are important resources for higher trophic level consumers. Data from 412 samples collected to 1000 m depth over 2002-2009 indicate that there are at least eight ampeliscid species on the CBS. Five occur elsewhere in polar and temperate latitudes and three may be new to science or are species complexes. All are limited to bottom temperatures < 0.41 °C. Congeners do not distribute coherently (Similarity Profiles analysis, p < 0.05). Resource-demanding Ampelisca macrocephala (max. 8467 ind. m −2) dominates Byblis spp. and Haploops laevis on the shelf enriched by wind-driven upwelling but dominance switches with depth to Haploops tubicola, Haploops sibirica and Haploops sp. Obligate suspension feeding with adaptations for fine particle capture enables deep living while abundance dominants supplement their diets with deposit feeding and predation. The ampeliscids may facilitate other amphipods by providing attachment sites on their tubes. Polychaetes may facilitate the ampeliscids by bringing buried resources to the surface. Given that the CBS is undergoing substantial environmental change, we recommend the CBS ampeliscids for monitoring its environmental regime to complement ongoing monitoring in other polar and temperate ampeliscid beds.

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Section: Environmental Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense ampeliscid bed on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf: an explanation for species patterns

2018

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“…Reduced summer growth and reproduction is consistent with summer food limitation but these populations have not been accessible for sampling in winter for more direct tests of Demchenko et al’s (2016) default conclusion, that they grow and reproduce predominantly in winter. Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko (2018) provided additional histological evidence of trophic stress that partially corroborate summer starvation. We use additional histological data below to test whether A. eschrichtii are capable of ovary regeneration as a possible adaptation to seasonal starvation and, thus additionally test the Demchenko et al (2016) and Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko (2018) default conclusions of summer starvation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“… Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko (2018) provided additional histological evidence of trophic stress that partially corroborate summer starvation. We use additional histological data below to test whether A. eschrichtii are capable of ovary regeneration as a possible adaptation to seasonal starvation and, thus additionally test the Demchenko et al (2016) and Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko (2018) default conclusions of summer starvation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Although not observed directly, most the second-year A. eschrichtii females thus appear to mate in late fall or winter and die after producing a single brood before summer. A few females collected in 2013 however, had clearly survived to 3 years and showed signs of regeneration of previously atrophied ovaries ( Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko (2018) ). Reduced summer growth and reproduction is consistent with summer food limitation but these populations have not been accessible for sampling in winter for more direct tests of Demchenko et al’s (2016) default conclusion, that they grow and reproduce predominantly in winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amphipods extrude their ova into an external brood pouch where they are fertilized to form embryos that are brooded until they hatch. Different stages of development of amphipod reproductive cells are readily distinguished by histological methods ( Charniaux-Cotton & Payen, 1985 ; Demchenko et al, 2016 ; Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko, 2018 ). Durkina, Chapman & Demchenko (2018) histological examinations of these cells revealed high prevalences of undersized and damaged oocytes, undersized broods, a lack of females brooding fully formed juveniles, atrophied ovaries, and males with mature sperm but lacking fully developed secondary sex morphologies associated with their pelagic mating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First observations of ovary regeneration in an amphipod, Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842

Durkina

Chapman

Demchenko

2022

PeerJ

Self Cite

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Background Females of the gammaridean amphipod Ampelisca eschrichtii with signs of regenerating, previously atrophied ovaries were recovered from the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island (Okhotsk Sea, Russia). Ovarian regeneration was previously unknown for any amphipod species. A. eschrichtii have a predominantly 2-year life cycle (from embryo to adult death) and reproduce once between late winter or early spring at the age of 2 years. Occasionally, females survive to a third year. An adaptive value of extended survival among these females is likely to require that they are also reproductive. Methods Histological sections from a second-year female with ovarian atrophy, a female with normal ovaries, a third-year female with ovarian regeneration, as well as testes of an immature and a sexually mature male were compared to determine the sources of cells of the germinal and somatic lines necessary for ovarian regeneration. Results Ovarian regeneration in the third-year female began with the formation of a new germinal zone from germ cells preserved in the atrophied ovaries and eosinophilic cells of the previously starving second-year female. Eosinophilic cells form the mesodermal component of the germinal zone. A mass of these cells appeared in the second-year female that had atrophied ovaries and in large numbers on the intestine wall of the third-year female with regenerating ovaries. These eosinophilic cells appear to migrate into the regenerating ovaries. Conclusions All germ cells of the second-year female are not lost during ovarian atrophy and can be involved in subsequent ovarian regeneration. Eosinophilic cells involved in ovarian regeneration are of mesodermal origin. The eosinophilic cell morphologies are similar to those of quiescence cells (cells in a reversible state that do not divide but retain the ability to re-enter cell division and participate in regeneration). These histological data thus indicate that eosinophilic and germ cells of third-year females can participate in the regeneration of the ovaries to reproduce a second brood. The precursors of these third-year females (a small number the second-year females with an asynchronous [summer] breeding period and ovaries that have atrophied due to seasonal starvation) appear to possess sources of somatic and germ cells that are sufficient for ovarian regeneration and that may be adaptations to starvation stress.

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Seismic surveys near gray whale feeding areas off Sakhalin Island, Russia: assessing impact and mitigation effectiveness

Aerts¹,

Jenkerson

Nechayuk

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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In 2015, two oil and gas companies conducted seismic surveys along the northeast coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia, near western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) feeding areas. This population of whales was listed as Critically Endangered at the time of the operations described here but has been reclassified as Endangered since 2018. The number and duration of the 2015 seismic surveys surpassed the level of previous seismic survey activity in this area, elevating concerns regarding disturbance of feeding gray whales and the potential for auditory injury. Exxon Neftegas Limited (ENL) developed a mitigation approach to address these concerns and, more importantly, implemented a comprehensive data collection strategy to assess the effectiveness of this approach. The mitigation approach prioritized completion of the seismic surveys closest to the nearshore feeding area as early in the season as possible, when fewer gray whales would be present. This was accomplished by increasing operational efficiency through the use of multiple seismic vessels and by establishing zones with specific seasonal criteria determining when air gun shutdowns would be implemented. These zones and seasonal criteria were based on pre-season modeled acoustic footprints of the air gun array and on gray whale distribution data collected over the previous 10 years. Real-time acoustic and whale sighting data were instrumental in the implementation of air gun shutdowns. The mitigation effectiveness of these shutdowns was assessed through analyzing short-term behavioral responses and shifts in gray whale distribution due to sound exposure. The overall mitigation strategy of an early survey completion was assessed through bioenergetics models that predict how reduced foraging activity might affect gray whale reproduction and maternal survival. This assessment relied on a total of 17 shore-based and 5 vessel-based teams collecting behavior, distribution, photo-identification, prey, and acoustic data. This paper describes the mitigation approach, the implementation of mitigation measures using real-time acoustic and gray whale location data, and the strategy to assess impacts and mitigation effectiveness.

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Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842 (Ampeliscidae) of the Sakhalin Shelf in the Okhotsk Sea starve in summer and feast in winter

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Dense ampeliscid bed on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf: an explanation for species patterns

Dense ampeliscid bed on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf: an explanation for species patterns

First observations of ovary regeneration in an amphipod, Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842

Seismic surveys near gray whale feeding areas off Sakhalin Island, Russia: assessing impact and mitigation effectiveness

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