Amaranthus mangostanus Inhibits the Differentiation of Osteoclasts and Prevents Ovariectomy‐Induced Bone Loss

Abstract

Bone homeostasis is dynamically balanced between bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts play an important role in bone destruction and osteoporosis, and they are derived from monocyte/macrophages in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). Amaranthus mangostanus L. (AM) is a plant with powerful antioxidant and other biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic effects. However, its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, we explored whether AM could affect RANK-mediated osteoclastogenesis. AM significantly suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and expression of osteoclast-specific genes, TRAP, cathepsin K, NF-activated T-cells (NFATc1), and Dc-stamp in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, AM significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, AM preserved ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that AM might be a potential candidate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Trehalose reduces bone loss in experimental biliary cirrhosis rats via ERK phosphorylation regulation by enhancing autophagosome formation

“…Additionally, PD98059 rescued osteoclastogenic suppression effect of trehalose, indicating that ERK1/2 phosphorylation reduced bone resorption. Several studies demonstrated that ERK regulates OC differentiation, 49,50 which was consistent with the results of the present study. Moreover, HCQ markedly increased the p-ERK levels, indicating an association between autophagosomes and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.…”

Preventive Effects of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. Extract on Bone Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo

“…The relative quantification was normalized against the level of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The relative transcript expression was calculated using the 2 −DCT method, and results were expressed as folds of change relative to the expression in the control group [ 18 ].…”

Cell-based screen identifies porphyrins as FGFR3 activity inhibitors with therapeutic potential for achondroplasia and cancer

“…Hit 4 is the ethanol extract from Amaranthus spinosus , a widely available food plant in Taiwan and tropical countries. Furthermore, the ethanol extract of Amaranthus mangostanus has been demonstrated to prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice ( 22 ). Thus, it was selected for further validation and analysis.…”

“…The compounds identified by this approach may have applications as therapeutics for FGFR3-associated cancers and skeletal dysplasias. JCI Insight 2023;8 (22):e171257 https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.171257 in U2OS cells (Figure 1E). Notably, U2OS cells coexpressing both SH2(SH2B)/GFP and different forms of FGFR3 (WT, ACH, and TDI) displayed distinct intracellular punctate GFP signals (Figure 1F).…”

“…The inhibitory activities of these extracts were further verified by applying linear regression analysis to 2 independent experiments, referred to as experiments 1 and 2. JCI Insight 2023;8 (22):e171257 https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.171257…”