<i>Airn</i>
            Transcriptional Overlap, But Not Its lncRNA Products, Induces Imprinted
            <i>Igf2r</i>
            Silencing

Latos, Paulina A.; Pauler, Florian M.; Koerner, Martha V.; Senergin, Hasene Basak; Hudson, Quanah J.; Stocsits, Roman R.; Allhoff, Wolfgang; Stricker, Stefan H.; Klement, Ruth M.; Warczok, Katarzyna E.; Aumayr, Karin; Pasierbek, Paweł; Barlow, Denise P.

doi:10.1126/science.1228110

Cited by 491 publications

(418 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Most of these eukaryotic lncRNAs function in trans to silence gene expression directly. However, for at least one of these lncRNAs, Airn, the gene silencing mechanism is different (41). Like the RpoN-dependent prokaryotic crl lncRNA, the mammalian Airn lncRNA is nonfunctional; it is the act of making these lncRNAs, not the lncRNA themselves, that is responsible for gene silencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional occlusion caused by overlapping promoters

Zafar

Carabetta

Mandel

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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RpoS (σ 38 ) is required for cell survival under stress conditions, but it can inhibit growth if produced inappropriately and, consequently, its production and activity are elaborately regulated. Crl, a transcriptional activator that does not bind DNA, enhances RpoS activity by stimulating the interaction between RpoS and the core polymerase. The crl gene has two overlapping promoters, a housekeeping, RpoD-(σ 70 ) dependent promoter, and an RpoN (σ 54 ) promoter that is strongly up-regulated under nitrogen limitation. However, transcription from the RpoN promoter prevents transcription from the RpoD promoter, and the RpoN-dependent transcript lacks a ribosomebinding site. Thus, activation of the RpoN promoter produces a long noncoding RNA that silences crl gene expression simply by being made. This elegant and economical mechanism, which allows a near-instantaneous reduction in Crl synthesis without the need for transacting regulatory factors, restrains the activity of RpoS to allow faster growth under nitrogen-limiting conditions. transcriptional repression | lncRNA

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional occlusion caused by overlapping promoters

Zafar

Carabetta

Mandel

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This result is reminiscent of Air (Airn), which also functions in mechanistically distinct cis and trans roles to regulate gene expression. 54,55 Dbp2 is a co-transcriptional RNA chaperone and bona fide RNA helicase whose activity is necessary for assembly of RNAbinding proteins, Yra1, Mex67, and Nab2 onto poly(A) C RNAs. 56,57 During transcription, both messenger and long non-coding RNAs are co-transcriptionally bound with a set of RNA-binding proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), which then undergoes a variety of processing steps, including capping, splicing, termination, and polyadenylation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

LncRNAs: Bridging environmental sensing and gene expression

2016

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The survival of all organisms is dependent on complex, coordinated responses to environmental cues. Non-coding RNAs have been identified as major players in regulation of gene expression, with recent evidence supporting roles for long non-coding (lnc)RNAs in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. Evidence from our laboratory shows that lncRNAs have the ability to form hybridized structures called R-loops with specific DNA target sequences in S. cerevisiae, thereby modulating gene expression. In this Point of View, we provide an overview of the nature of lncRNA-mediated control of gene expression in the context of our studies using the GAL gene cluster as a model for controlling the timing of transcription.

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“…Airn-mediated silencing occurs by at least two different mechanisms. In the case of Igf2r, transcription alone is sufficient to induce silencing [117]. Conversely, Slc22a3 silencing is dependent upon Airn-dependent recruitment of EHMT2 (a H3K9 histone methylase also known as G9a) [118].…”

Section: Long Non-coding Rnas Are Involved In Neural Development and mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function and neurological disease

Roberts

Morris

Wood

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

173

142

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with low protein-coding potential that represent a large proportion of the transcriptional output of the cell. Many lncRNAs exhibit features indicative of functionality including tissue-restricted expression, localization to distinct subcellular structures, regulated expression and evolutionary conservation. Some lncRNAs have been shown to associate with chromatin-modifying activities and transcription factors, suggesting that a common mode of action may be to guide protein complexes to target genomic loci. However, the functions (if any) of the vast majority of lncRNA transcripts are currently unknown, and the subject of investigation. Here, we consider the putative role(s) of lncRNAs in neurodevelopment and brain function with an emphasis on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Associations of lncRNAs with neurodevelopmental/neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegeneration and brain cancers are also discussed.

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Airn Transcriptional Overlap, But Not Its lncRNA Products, Induces Imprinted Igf2r Silencing

Cited by 491 publications

References 22 publications

Transcriptional occlusion caused by overlapping promoters

Transcriptional occlusion caused by overlapping promoters

LncRNAs: Bridging environmental sensing and gene expression

The role of long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function and neurological disease

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