<i>Aeromonas</i>spp. and Infectious Diarrhea, Hong Kong

Chan, Stewart Siu-Wa; Ng, King Cheung

doi:10.3201/eid1008.030518

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Many reports have described recombination in enteroviruses as a general phenomenon between different types of enteroviruses of the same species [8], [16], [17], [18], [19] Further analyses of the full-length genomic sequences of the seven isolates by similarity plot and bootscan analysis showed that genetic recombination events existed between CA4, CA5, CA16, EV71B and EV71C strains (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Full-Length Enterovirus 71 Strains from Severe and Mild Disease Patients in Northeastern China

et al. 2012

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Human enterovirus 71 (EV71)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been a leading cause of childhood infection in China since 2008. Epidemic and molecular characteristics of HFMD have been examined in many areas of China, including the central and southern regions. However, clinical and genetic characterization of EV71 in the northeastern region of China is scarce. In this study, a series of analyses were performed on seven full-length EV71 sequences from HFMD patients who had either severe or mild disease. We have determined that these seven circulating EV71 viruses from Changchun, China are actually complex recombinant viruses involving multiple type A human enterovirus (HEV). Classified as EV71 subtype C4 (EV71 C4), these Changchun EV71 viruses contain genetic recombination events between the CA4, CA5, EV71B4 and EV71C1 strains. Most of the structural protein region (P1) of these viruses resembled that of the prototype EV71 C1 strains. The non-structural protein domains (P2 and P3) showed a high degree of similarity with CA4, CA5 and EV71 B4 in different regions. The 5′UTR had unclassified recombination,while partial 3D region of these viruses showed a high degree of similarity to CA16. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length or partial sequences of isolates from severe or mild disease patients in Changchun always formed a single cluster in various phylogenetic analyses of different genomic regions, suggesting that all seven strains originated from one single common ancestor. There was no correlation between viral genomic sequence and virulence. Thus, we found that circulating recombinant forms of EV71 are prevalent among HFMD patients in Northeastern China. The existence of a unique cluster of EV71 related viruses in Northeast China has important implications for vaccine development that would address the increasing prevalence of HFMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Characterization of Full-Length Enterovirus 71 Strains from Severe and Mild Disease Patients in Northeastern China

et al. 2012

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“…Second, phylogenetic analysis using the VP1 gene sequences is highly correlated to serotyping using serum neutralization tests in enteroviruses [31]. Third, gene recombinations between enteroviruses have been detected in the 5′UTR region but not in the VP1 region [32], [33]. At the moment, standard laboratory methods for enterovirus surveillance have not been established, which make international comparison impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Molecular Methods for Early Detection and Serotyping of Enteroviruses in Throat Swabs of Pediatric Patients

et al. 2012

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BackgroundEnteroviruses include over 100 serotypes and usually cause self-limited infections with non-specific symptoms in children, with the exceptions of polioviruses and enterovirus 71 which frequently cause neurologic complications. Therefore, early detection and serotyping of enteroviruses are critical in clinical management and disease surveillance. Traditional methods for detection and serotyping of enteroviruses are virus isolation and immunofluorescence assay, which are time-consuming. In this study, we compare virus isolation and two molecular tests for detection and serotyping of enteroviruses in clinical samples.MethodsOne hundred and ten throat swabs were collected from pediatric outpatients with enterovirus-like illnesses (hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, and non-specific febrile illness). Virus isolation was conducted using multiple cell lines and isolated viruses were serotyped using immunofluorescent assay. In the molecular tests, a semi-nested RT-PCR and a novel CODEHOP platform were used to detect the 5′UTR and VP1 genes of enteroviruses, respectively. Amplified nucleotides were sequenced and genotyped.ResultsAmong the 110 cases, 39(35%), 52(47%), and 46(42%) were tested positive with these three tests, respectively. Using the consensus results of these three tests as the gold standard, agreement of the VP1 CODEHOP test was 96%, which is higher than those of the virus isolation (89%) and the 5′-UTR test (88%). The VP1 CODEHOP test also has the best performance on serotyping confirmed with serum neutralization tests.ConclusionsThe VP1 CODEHOP test performed well for detection and serotyping of enteroviruses in clinical specimens and could reduce unnecessary hospitalization cares during enterovirus seasons.

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“…Almost 50% of the patients suffered fever and abdominal cramps, and the persistence of symptoms (for more than 14 days) created the need for antimicrobial treatment [37]. This study motivated a letter to the editor indicating that in Hong Kong Aeromonas was responsible for 6.9% of adult bacterial gasteroenteritis [38].…”

Section: Diarrhoea In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical relevance of Aeromonas sM503

Figueras¹

2005

Reviews in Medical Microbiology

118

137

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More than 100 published cases of Aeromonas infection over the last 6 years have involved both healthy and immunocompromised patients. The spectrum of clinical presentations is in line with those previously reported, namely, gastroenteritis, haemolytic uremic syndrome, urine, wound and burn infections, infections associated with leech therapy, necrotizing fasciitis, pneumonia, meningitis and eye infections. Despite that, new syndromes including intravascular gas production, epididymitis and pyelonephritis have also been reported. New data seem to indicate an increasing tendency to affect patients with hepatobiliary disease, especially those with cirrhosis, culminating in a rapid and fatal outcome. As it has traditionally been the case, A. hydrophila was still the most frequently reported species although it is not the only or most frequent species in reality. The false importance attributed to this species is due to limitations in the identification methods for other pathogenic species. Unfortunately, awareness or suspicion of the involvement of Aeromonas in the spectrum of clinical presentations reviewed is still insufficient for the correct management of the infection. ß 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Reviews in Medical Microbiology 2005, 16:145-153

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Aeromonasspp. and Infectious Diarrhea, Hong Kong

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of Full-Length Enterovirus 71 Strains from Severe and Mild Disease Patients in Northeastern China

Characterization of Full-Length Enterovirus 71 Strains from Severe and Mild Disease Patients in Northeastern China

Comparing Molecular Methods for Early Detection and Serotyping of Enteroviruses in Throat Swabs of Pediatric Patients

Clinical relevance of Aeromonas sM503

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