<i>Aedes aegypti</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) in Mauritania: First Report on the Presence of the Arbovirus Mosquito Vector in Nouakchott

Lekweiry, Khadijetou Mint; Salem, Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou; Brahim, Khyarhoum Ould; Lemrabott, Mohamed Aly Ould; Brengues, Cécile; Faye, Ousmane; Simard, Frédéric; Boukhary, Ali Ould Mohamed Salem

doi:10.1093/jme/tjv051

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…This observation is consistent with the results of the studies that reported that saltwater tolerant mosquito larvae can develop normally in both fresh and saline habitats [52]. The presence of both fresh and brackish larval habitats in Nouakchott is the result of artificial (man-made) and natural (rainfall and rising goundwater) factors [11,12]. During the past decade, a succession of dry years (2012, 2015 and 2017) and humid years, with sometimes heavy rainfall (floods in 2013 and 2016), occurred in Nouakchott (National Meteorological Office, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Anopheles arabiensis is widely distributed in the Sahelian as well as the Saharan zone of the country [7,9,10]. Moreover, previous studies have shown that it is the only malaria vector encountered in Nouakchott [11,12]. In this urban area, An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this urban area, An. arabiensis larvae were found in a variety of freshwater bodies, such as water discharged from standpipes and household drinking water tanks [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of Anopheles (Cellia) multicolor during a study of tolerance to salinity of Anopheles arabiensis larvae in Nouakchott, Mauritania

et al. 2020

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Background Anopheles multicolor is known to be present in the arid areas of Africa north of the Sahara Desert, especially in oases. To date, its presence in Mauritania has not been reported. Here, we present the first record of its presence in Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania. The larvae of An. multicolor, together with those of An. arabiensis, the major malaria vector in the city, were found thriving in highly saline surface water collections. Methods Entomological surveys were carried out during 2016–2017 in Nouakchott. Mosquito larval habitats were investigated through larval surveys while indoor resting culicid fauna were collected using hand-held aspirator. Physicochemical parameters of the larval habitats were measured on-site, at the time mosquitoes were collected. Larvae and pupae were reared to adults in the insectaries. Morphological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods were used to identify newly emerged adults. Batches of fourth-instar larvae were used to assess salinity tolerance by exposing them to increasing concentrations of NaCl, and mortality was monitored throughout development. Results Morphological and molecular results confirmed that the specimens were An. multicolor and An. arabiensis. Sequences of 24 An. multicolor adult mosquitoes showed 100% nucleotide identity with the published sequences of An. multicolor from Iran. The physicochemical analysis of the water from the two larval habitats revealed highly saline conditions, with NaCl content ranging between 16.8 and 28.9 g/l (i.e. between c.50–80% seawater). Anopheles multicolor and An. arabiensis fourth-instar larvae survival rates at 17.5 g/l NaCl were 86.5% and 75%, respectively. Anopheles arabiensis larvae showed variable levels of salt tolerance according to the larval habitat. Adult An. multicolor specimens were collected resting indoor at low frequency (0.7%) compared to the other culicid mosquitoes. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report of An. multicolor in Mauritania, extending the known distributional range of the species to the south, as well as to the west. Highly salt-tolerant populations of An. arabiensis and An. multicolor were observed. Because salt-water collections are widespread in Nouakchott, the relevance of these findings for the dynamics and epidemiology of malaria transmission needs to be assessed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of Anopheles (Cellia) multicolor during a study of tolerance to salinity of Anopheles arabiensis larvae in Nouakchott, Mauritania

et al. 2020

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“…As of early 2019, no reports could be found that have identified chikungunya in the northeast bordering nation of Mauritania, although the Ae. aegypti mosquito is known to be endemic there [37]. Additionally, in Senegal, CHIKV studies have tended to be concentrated in the sparsely populated southeastern region of Kedougou, bordering Mali [19], meaning that no estimates are available for the northern regions of Senegal or the nomadic pastoralist population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Data Shows Low Levels of Chikungunya Exposure in Senegalese Nomadic Pastoralists

et al. 2019

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The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is spread by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitos worldwide; infection can lead to disease including joint pain, fever, and rash, with some convalescent persons experiencing chronic symptoms. Historically, CHIKV transmission has occurred in Africa and Asia, but recent outbreaks have taken place in Europe, Indonesia, and the Americas. From September to October 2014, a survey was undertaken with nomadic pastoralists residing in the northeast departments of Senegal. Blood dried on filter paper (dried blood spots; DBS) were collected from 1465 participants of all ages, and assayed for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against CHIKV E1 antigen by a bead-based multiplex assay. The overall seroprevalence of all participants to CHIKV E1 was 2.7%, with no persons under 10 years of age found to be antibody positive. Above 10 years of age, clear increases of seroprevalence and IgG levels were observed with increasing age; 7.6% of participants older than 50 years were found to be positive for anti-CHIKV IgG. Reported net ownership, net usage, and gender were all non-significant explanatory variables of seropositivity. These data show a low-level historical exposure of this pastoralist population to CHIKV, with no evidence of recent CHIKV transmission in the past decade.

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“…Aedes aegypti is the main vector of yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus in all tropical and subtropical areas of the planet [1,2]. According to the World Health Organization [3], dengue is a viral disease with greater spread transmitted by mosquitoes over the last 50 years and infects around 50 to 100 million people annually, exposing the risk of death to almost half of the world population in regions endemic of the virus [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Pyriproxyfen with Insecticidal Activity by Virtual Screening

et al. 2019

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Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue fever transmission, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya in tropical and subtropical regions and it is considered to cause health risks to millions of people in the world. In this study, we search to obtain new molecules with insecticidal potential against Ae. aegypti via virtual screening. Pyriproxyfen was chosen as a template compound to search molecules in the database Zinc_Natural_Stock (ZNSt) with structural similarity using ROCS (rapid overlay of chemical structures) and EON (electrostatic similarity) software, and in the final search, the top 100 were selected. Subsequently, in silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties were determined resulting in a total of 14 molecules, and these were submitted to the PASS online server for the prediction of biological insecticide and acetylcholinesterase activities, and only two selected molecules followed for the molecular docking study to evaluate the binding free energy and interaction mode. After these procedures were performed, toxicity risk assessment such as LD50 values in mg/kg and toxicity class using the PROTOX online server, were undertaken. Molecule ZINC00001624 presented potential for inhibition for the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (insect and human) with a binding affinity value of −10.5 and −10.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The interaction with the juvenile hormone was −11.4 kcal/mol for the molecule ZINC00001021. Molecules ZINC00001021 and ZINC00001624 had excellent predictions in all the steps of the study and may be indicated as the most promising molecules resulting from the virtual screening of new insecticidal agents.

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Aedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) in Mauritania: First Report on the Presence of the Arbovirus Mosquito Vector in Nouakchott

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

First report of Anopheles (Cellia) multicolor during a study of tolerance to salinity of Anopheles arabiensis larvae in Nouakchott, Mauritania

First report of Anopheles (Cellia) multicolor during a study of tolerance to salinity of Anopheles arabiensis larvae in Nouakchott, Mauritania

Serological Data Shows Low Levels of Chikungunya Exposure in Senegalese Nomadic Pastoralists

Identification of Potential Inhibitors from Pyriproxyfen with Insecticidal Activity by Virtual Screening

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