<i>Acquired Immunity to Malarial Inoculation</i>

Nicole, J. Ernest; Steel, John P.

doi:10.1192/bjp.72.296.66

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“…The slowness with which antiparasitic mechanisms consolidate has often been taken as evidence that plasmodial populations in hyperendemic areas comprise many antigenically distinct species and strains, most of which have to be experienced before an effective antiparasite immunity is acquired ( Hackett 1941). However, during malariotherapy, good evidence was produced that partial clinical protection after challenge was evident not only to the homologous strain, but also towards heterologous strains of the same species ( Nicole & Steel 1926). This was further reinforced by the observations that in passive transfer studies, IgG from West African immune serum protected against P. falciparum parasites of East African origin ( McGregor et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens during a malaria vaccine trial in Tanzanian children

Alonso

López

Bordmann

et al. 1998

Parasite Immunology

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Among Tanzanian children living in an area of intense and perennial malaria transmission, prevalence of naturally acquired IgG antibodies that recognize SPf66, NANP, p190 and a 19 kDa fragment of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) is high and increases with age. This possibly reflects the high level of natural exposure of the children to P. falciparum. The prevalences of IgG antibodies that recognize the three putative merozoite derived sequences contained in the malaria vaccine SPf66 (83.1, 55.1 and 35.1) is low but also show some age dependence. Three doses of the SPf66 vaccine induce a strong IgG antibody response against both the SPf66 construct, NANP and the three individual peptides. Vaccination with SPf66 did not result in an increase of anti19 kDa fragment antibodies. This reflects the specificity of the humoral immune response induced by the SPf66 construct. Among vaccinated children, antibody titres against SPf66 decreased over time following the third dose. However, 18 months after the third dose, SPf66 recipients still had significantly higher IgG titres and stimulation indices of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) than placebo recipients. Within the vaccine group, there is a trend for increasing anti-SPf66 IgG titre to be associated with decreasing risk of clinical malaria but this was not statistically significant. Results also show the difficulties of establishing whether antibody responses are related to protection in field trials in endemic areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens during a malaria vaccine trial in Tanzanian children

Alonso

López

Bordmann

et al. 1998

Parasite Immunology

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“…Evidence for this was the results of artificial challenges during malaria therapy, which conferred partial clinical protection both to homologous and heterologous inocula. 9 Passive transfer studies have also demonstrated also that sera from west Africans can confer protection against east African P. falciparum parasites. 10 In contrast to this view, the slow pace at which anti-parasitic mechanisms develop has been used to suggest that plasmodial populations comprise many antigenically distinct genotypes, that clinical immunity is largely specific to genotypes, and that the child becomes immune as he or she is exposed sequentially to different genotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships of malaria morbidity with exposure to Plasmodium falciparum in young children in a highly endemic area.

Smith

Charlwood²,

Kitua³

et al. 1998

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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To study incidence of clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria in relation to exposure to parasites, attendance of children less than eighteen months old at a village dispensary in a highly endemic area of Tanzania was recorded. Entomologic inoculation rates (EIRs), estimated as a function of time period and place of residence, exceeded one sporozoite positive bite per adult per night in some village neighborhoods during the wet season. Incidence of clinical P. falciparum malaria, defined either as fever with parasitemia or as fever with hyperparasitemia, increased with the EIR over the whole range of exposures. Each 10-fold increase in the EIR corresponded to a 1.6fold increase in incidence of fever plus parasitemia (95% confidence interval ϭ 1.4-2.0). Therefore reduction of human-vector contacts will probably reduce morbidity incidence even at very high exposures. Incidence showed little relationship to estimated cumulative numbers of inoculations since birth, but decreased steeply with estimated cumulative time infected with trophozoites. This suggests that clinical immunity depends mainly on the extent of exposure to blood-stage antigens, not on the diversity of inocula seen, and thus temporary reductions in human-vector contacts are unlikely to result in subsequent increases in morbidity.

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Malariotherapy – Insanity at the Service of Malariology

Snounou

Pérignon

2013

Advances in Parasitology

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Acquired Immunity to Malarial Inoculation

Abstract: In connection with the malarial treatment of general paralysis of the insanein thishospital, we have endeavouredto producea secondseriesof malarialrigorsin such casesas had not shown sufficient mental or physical benefit after a first infection terminated six or more months ago.

Cited by 3 publications

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Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens during a malaria vaccine trial in Tanzanian children

Immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens during a malaria vaccine trial in Tanzanian children

Relationships of malaria morbidity with exposure to Plasmodium falciparum in young children in a highly endemic area.

Malariotherapy – Insanity at the Service of Malariology

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