Acinetobacter Baumannii – Virulence Factors and Epidemiology of Infections

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative saprophytic rod inhabiting both moist niches and dry surfaces. The wide spread of the microbe in the environment by means of minimal nutritional requirements and exceptional survival capabilities give the opportunities to occupy hospital niches, and thus to create threats for hospitalized patients. This bacterium may be a part of the human microbiota as an opportunistic pathogen which upon the host's weakening, causes less or more serious diseases. A. baumannii is an etiological factor of ventilator-associated pneumonia, which is especially dangerous for patients in intensive care units (in Poland every fifth patient suffers from such infection). Due to the increasing multidrug resistance of A. baumannii, this bacterium belongs to the group of priority pathogens. Fighting such dangerous bacteria is difficult due to their natural resistance as well as acquired resistance mechanisms in response to environmental threats. The unique ability of A. baumannii to cause diseases and acquire resistance to numerous antibiotics, make it necessary to control and prevent these infections.

A Bittersweet Kiss of Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Role of ADP-Heptose in the Pathogenesis of Infection

“…Since ADP-heptose, as a small molecular weight molecule, is a very conservative PAMP, its role in immunity function and its therapeutic modulation is tempting to utilize. Its importance can be increased in the context of changes in the LPS structure and even its loss by certain MDR pathogens (i.e., A. baumannii [ 91 , 92 ]). However, the current knowledge is partial and generates multiple unanswered questions.…”