Achromobacter Respiratory Infections

Abstract

Achromobacteria are ubiquitous environmental organisms that may also become opportunistic pathogens in certain conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, hematologic and solid organ malignancies, renal failure, and certain immune deficiencies. Some members of this genus, such as xylosoxidans, cause primarily nosocomially acquired infections affecting multiple organ systems, including the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and, less commonly, the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Despite an increasing number of published case reports and literature reviews suggesting a global increase in achromobacterial disease, most clinicians remain uncertain of the organism's significance when clinically isolated. Moreover, effective treatment can be challenging due to the organism's inherent and acquired multidrug resistance patterns. We reviewed all published cases to date of non-cystic fibrosis achromobacterial lung infections to better understand the organism's pathogenic potential and drug susceptibilities. We found that the majority of these cases were community acquired, typically presenting as pneumonias (88%), and were most frequent in individuals with hematologic and solid organ malignancies. Our findings also suggest that achromobacterial lung infections are difficult to treat, but respond well to extended-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, such as ticarcillin, piperacillin, and cefoperazone.

Depletion of Human DNA in Spiked Clinical Specimens for Improvement of Sensitivity of Pathogen Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing

“…However, because of the high abundance of NGS reads that mapped to human adenovirus in both specimens, the genome coverage was not different between these two specimens. Apart from the spiked pathogens, several other organisms were detected in the NPA specimens that were either normal flora, such as Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and viridans streptococci, or potential opportunistic pathogens, such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans, which can be associated with pneumonia and other complications in immunosuppressed individuals (18). Consistent with data for spiked pathogens, we noted a significant improvement of sensitivity following preprocessing of specimens both in terms of number of NGS reads related to each taxa and in genome coverage.…”

Replicon typing of plasmids in environmental Achromobacter sp. producing quinolone‐resistant determinants

“…Trancassini et al. and Swenson and Sadikot also reported non‐susceptibility in Achromobacter sp. to fluoroquinolones; however, these studies were conducted with clinical isolates.…”

“…Bacteria belonging to the Achromobacter genus are non‐fermenting gram‐negative bacilli (NFGNB) ubiquitous in the environment, including soil and water. In the hospital scope, these bacteria are considered opportunist pathogens, causing different types of infection, principally in patients with cystic fibrosis . The main species in this genus are Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter intermedium , which have already been reported causing outbreak and epidemic in Italy and Belgium, respectively .…”

Ritkábban előforduló, alsó légúti fertőzést okozó Gram-negatív nem fermentáló pálcák

“…A 2. táblázatban feltüntetett baktériumtörzsek részletes ismertetése meghaladná e közlemény terjedelmét, ezért csak néhányuk (általunk fontosabbnak tartott) tárgyalására szorítkozunk. [5]. Gyenge légzésfunkcióval, krónikus légúti betegséggel bíró idős betegekben is számítani lehet kolonizációra [6].…”