I-14C-Glucose Utilization of Intact Nucleated Red Blood Cells of Selected Species

Shields, Charles E.; Herman, Yaye F.; Herman, Robert H.

doi:10.1038/203935a0

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This is reassuring in that it strengthens the conclusion that blood glucose concentrations derived from captive birds can be used with confidence in making generic inferences about wild birds. We do not know with certainty how such high blood glucose concentrations can be tolerated by birds, but it is believed that endogenous anti-oxidants prevent oxidative stress and tissue damage occurring (Cohen et al, 2007) and avian erythrocytes are more resistant to glucose diffusion than those of mammals (Shields et al, 1964). Braun and Sweazea (2008) showed that the significant negative relationship between P Glu and body mass among bird species was described by the formula: P Glu ¼ 15:3 À 0:44 * log Mass Applying this formula, the ratio of calculated/ predicted P Glu was 1.31 -1.37 for Noisy miners, 1.13 -1.14 for Grey-breasted white-eyes, 1.09 -1.13 for Red wattlebirds, 0.95 -1.01 for Spotted doves and 0.82 -0.87 for Welcome swallows.…”

Section: Variation In Adult Blood Glucose Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Variation in Blood Glucose Concentrations of Free-Living Birds

Lill

2011

Avian Biology Research

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Three issues concerning avian peripheral blood glucose concentrations that require more investigation are: (a) whether they are as variable and high in free-living as in captive and domesticated adults, (b) the sources of variation in adult concentrations and (c) if and how they change during nestling development. Whole blood glucose concentrations (B Glu ) of wild adults of four native passerine and one exotic dove species varying in mass and diet were measured in south-east Australia. There was significant inter-specific variation in B Glu , but the range in mean values (11.1 to 17.0 mmol L À 1 ) conformed with that published for many adult captive and domestic birds of similar size and was well above that for adult mammals of comparable mass. B Glu also varied markedly intra-specifically in four species (coefficients of variation 17.5 -32%). Trapping procedure and timing of sampling did not explain this variation, but adult body mass was associated with B Glu in two species. If whole blood haemoglobin concentrations (Hb) reliably reflect body condition, most of the adults sampled were in good condition. Wild nestling Welcome swallows (Hirundo neoxena) and Spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis), respectively, underwent 20% and 40% continuous, linear, developmental increases in B Glu . Swallows fledged with a mean B Glu 23% greater than, and doves with a mean similar to, that of adults. The developmental increase probably reflected an increase in metabolic rate as nestlings gained mass and became more active.

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Section: Variation In Adult Blood Glucose Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Variation in Blood Glucose Concentrations of Free-Living Birds

Lill

2011

Avian Biology Research

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“…The integrity of the metabolic function of gut biopsies in vitro was verified by observing CO 2 production from glucose [29] and leucine incorporation into protein [30] as linear processes with time for periods of 1 h. Four or five chicks were killed at each time point, and all assays in the experiment were performed on each chick. Rachitic chicks that received only the vehicle served as controls and are referred to as the 0 hour group, No effect of intubation or administration of the vehicle on any of the assays was observed in these experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 on the rachitic chick intestine: A comparison to the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

et al. 1980

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“…Yet, in the chicken, negligible amounts of glucose are taken u p a n d metabolized by the mature peripheral erythrocytes (Rubinstein and Denstedt 1953;Shields et al 1964) o r ABBREVIATIONS: DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; MEM, minimal essential medium; PEG, polyethylene glycol; BSA, bovine serum albumin; NBMPR, S-(p-nitrobenzy1)-6-thioinosine; DM, difference from the mean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleosides and glutamine are primary energy substrates for embryonic and adult chicken red cells

Mathew

Grdiša²,

Johnstone³

1993

Biochem. Cell Biol.

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It has been assumed that glucose is a major energy yielding substrate for chicken red blood cells. In this report we show that glucose fails to maintain cellular ATP levels in embryonic and mature chicken erythrocytes during overnight incubation. Of over a dozen metabolites tested, inosine, guanosine, and glutamine were the most efficacious ATP-sustaining substrates. Of seven potential citric acid cycle substrates, only glutamine significantly sustained ATP levels. Incubation with inosine plus glutamine sustained the ATP level at over 70% of the initial value found in embryonic chicken red cells. Uridine, cytidine, xanthosine, glutamate, and pyruvate were ineffective substrates. Similar results were obtained with adult erythrocytes, except that glutamine plus inosine fully sustained ATP levels during long-term incubation. Adenosine did not sustain ATP levels. Below 1 mM, the adenosine level was rapidly exhausted and above 1 mM its presence led to cell lysis. The ability of some nucleosides to maintain ATP levels is consistent with the high numbers of nitrobenzylthioinosine binding sites (nucleoside transporter sites) both in mature chicken red cells (approximately 10,000 sites/cell) and in embryonic red cells (approximately 30,000 sites/cell). Unlike pig red cells which switch from glucose to nucleosides at the erythrocyte stage, chicken cells show primary dependence on nucleoside metabolism at the embryonic stage.

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I-14C-Glucose Utilization of Intact Nucleated Red Blood Cells of Selected Species

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Sources of Variation in Blood Glucose Concentrations of Free-Living Birds

Sources of Variation in Blood Glucose Concentrations of Free-Living Birds

Effects of 1α-hydroxy vitamin D3 on the rachitic chick intestine: A comparison to the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Nucleosides and glutamine are primary energy substrates for embryonic and adult chicken red cells

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