Hytrosaviridae: a proposal for classification and nomenclature of a new insect virus family

Abd-Alla, Adly M. M.; Vlak, Just M.; Bergoin, Max; Maruniak, James E.; Parker, Andrew G.; Burand, John P.; Jehle, Johannes A.; Boucias, Drion G.

doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0398-5

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The GpSGHV outgroup, despite the fact that it was the taxon most closely related to MdSGHV (1,5), was present on a branch that was at least 3 orders of magnitude longer than the branches between the MdSGHV isolates, which were extremely short. Whereas the sequence-level and syntenic differences between these two members of the Hytrosaviridae have been described well elsewhere (5), we observed that the level of sequence identity for MdSGHV geographic isolates was high.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus, a Globally Distributed Insect Virus That Infects and Sterilizes Female Houseflies

Prompiboon

Lietze

Denton

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The housefly, Musca domestica, is a cosmopolitan pest of livestock and poultry and is of economic, veterinary, and public health importance. Populations of M. domestica are naturally infected with M. domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV), a nonoccluded double-stranded DNA virus that inhibits egg production in infected females and is characterized by salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) symptoms. MdSGHV has been detected in housefly samples from North America, Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, and the southwestern Pacific. In this study, houseflies were collected from various locations and dissected to observe SGH symptoms, and infected gland pairs were collected for MdSGHV isolation and amplification in laboratory-reared houseflies. Differences among the MdSGHV isolates were examined by using molecular and bioassay approaches. Approximately 600-bp nucleotide sequences from each of five open reading frames having homology to genes encoding DNA polymerase and partial homology to the genes encoding four per os infectivity factor proteins (p74, pif-1, pif-2, and pif-3) were selected for phylogenetic analyses. Nucleotide sequences from 16 different geographic isolates were highly homologous, and the polymorphism detected was correlated with geographic source. The virulence of the geographic MdSGHV isolates was evaluated by per os treatment of newly emerged and 24-h-old houseflies with homogenates of infected salivary glands. In all cases, 24-h-old flies displayed a resistance to oral infection that was significantly greater than that displayed by newly eclosed adults. Regardless of the MdSGHV isolate tested, all susceptible insects displayed similar degrees of SGH and complete suppression of oogenesis. Salivary gland hypertrophy virus (SGHV) ofMusca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (MdSGHV) was originally detected in adult houseflies collected from dairies located in north Florida (2). Since the original description of this virus, a series of studies have detailed its molecular and biological properties. The circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of MdSGHV consists of 124,279 bp and contains over 100 open reading frames (ORFs) (6,16). The virus, which replicates in the salivary glands of adult flies, is readily transmitted per os to healthy conspecific animals (15). During feeding, high numbers of infectious virus particles are deposited on the solid food substrate that is fed upon by healthy houseflies. The development of viremia in female houseflies leads to a shutdown of egg production (7,14). Associated with female sterility is the downregulation of egg protein gene transcription in the fat body (14). In feral housefly populations, the incidence of infection may peak at 34% at selected sites (7), although at any given sampling time the incidence typically ranges from 1 to 10%. As expected with an orally transmitted virus, infection frequency is positively correlated with housefly density.Recently, we initiated a program directed at expanding the current collection of SGHVs associated with M. domestica. ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus, a Globally Distributed Insect Virus That Infects and Sterilizes Female Houseflies

Prompiboon

Lietze

Denton

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Finally, two large DNA viruses causing salivary gland hypertrophy of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (GpSGHV) and the housefly Musca domestica (MdSGHV) were shown to share at least eight homologues of baculovirus core genes [12,13]. Despite some structural, biological, and genomic similarities with baculoviruses and nudiviruses, single gene trees based on DNA polymerase sequences as well as alignment-free proteome phylogenies implicated an association of SGHVs with vertebrate herpesviruses [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus provides novel insight into the evolution of nuclear arthropod-specific large circular double-stranded DNA viruses

et al. 2011

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The Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) is a dsDNA virus with enveloped, rod-shaped virions. Its genome is 127,615 bp in size and contains 139 predicted protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs). In-depth genome sequence comparisons revealed a varying number of shared gene homologues, not only with other nudiviruses (NVs) and baculoviruses, but also with other arthropod-specific large dsDNA viruses, including the so-called Monodon baculovirus (MBV), the salivary gland hypertrophy viruses (SGHVs) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Nudivirus genomes contain 20 baculovirus core gene homologues associated with transcription (p47, lef-8, lef-9, lef-4, vlf-1, and lef-5), replication (dnapol and helicase), virus structure (p74, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, 19kda/pif-4, odv-e56/pif-5, vp91, vp39, and 38K), and unknown functions (ac68, ac81, and p33). Most strikingly, a set of homologous genes involved in peroral infection (p74, pif-1, pif-2, and pif-3) are common to baculoviruses, nudiviruses, SGHVs, and WSSV indicating an ancestral mode of infection in these highly diverged viruses. A gene similar to polyhedrin/granulin encoding the baculovirus occlusion body protein was identified in non-occluded NVs and in Musca domestica SGHV evoking the question of the evolutionary origin of the baculovirus polyhedrin/granulin gene. Based on gene homologies, we further propose that the shrimp MBV is an occluded member of the nudiviruses. We conclude that baculoviruses, NVs and the shrimp MBV, the SGHVs and WSSV share the significant number of conserved genetic functions, which may point to a common ancestry of these viruses.

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“…Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) is one of three known members of the newly described virus family Hytrosaviridae; the other two viruses infect adult tsetse (Glossinidae) and narcissus bulb ßies (Syrphidae) (Abd-Alla et al 2009). MdSGHV has been found in house ßy populations globally, generally at fairly low prevalence rates (Geden et al 2008, Prompiboon et al 2010.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of House Fly Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (MdSGHV) on a Heterologous Host, Stomoxys calcitrans

Geden¹,

Garcia-Maruniak²,

Lietze³

et al. 2011

jnl. med. entom.

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The effect of Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV) on selected fitness parameters of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), was examined in the laboratory. Virus-injected stable flies of both genders suffered substantially higher mortality than control flies. By day 9, female mortality was 59.3 +/- 10.1% in the virus group compared with 23.7 +/- 3.7% in the controls; mortality in virus-injected males was 78.1 +/- 3.1% compared with 33.3 +/- 9.3% for controls. Fecundity of control flies on days 6-9 was 49-54 eggs deposited per live female per day (total, 8,996 eggs deposited), whereas virus-injected flies produced four to five eggs per female on days 6-7 and less then one egg per female per day thereafter (total, 251 eggs). Fecal spot deposition by virus-injected flies was comparable to controls initially but decreased to approximately 50% of control levels by day 4 after injection; infected flies produced only 26% as many fecal spots as healthy flies on days 6 and 7. None of the virus-injected stable flies developed symptoms of salivary gland hypertrophy. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated virus replication in injected stable flies, with increasing titers of virus genome copies from one to four days after injection. MdSGHV in stable flies displayed tissue tropism similar to that observed in house fly hosts, with higher viral copy numbers in fat body and salivary glands compared with ovaries. Virus titers were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher in house fly than in stable fly hosts, and this difference was probably due to the absence of salivary gland hypertrophy in the latter species.

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Hytrosaviridae: a proposal for classification and nomenclature of a new insect virus family

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus, a Globally Distributed Insect Virus That Infects and Sterilizes Female Houseflies

Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus, a Globally Distributed Insect Virus That Infects and Sterilizes Female Houseflies

The genome of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus provides novel insight into the evolution of nuclear arthropod-specific large circular double-stranded DNA viruses

Impact of House Fly Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus (MdSGHV) on a Heterologous Host, Stomoxys calcitrans

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