Hysteresis of output voltage and liquid water transport in gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Shao, Yangbin; Xu, Liangfei; Li, Jianqiu; Hu, Zunyan; Fang, Chuan; Hu, Jiye; Guo, Di; Ouyang, Minggao

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.084

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The basic assumptions of the model are as follows: input hydrogen and oxygen/air are incompressible and ideal gases; GDLs, CLs, and the membrane have isotropic and homogeneous porous media; Gas flow within the flow field exhibits laminar flow behavior due to small pressure gradients and low gas velocity; the effect of gravity is neglected; water flow in gas channels is in the “mist state”; and the membrane does not allow any penetration of reactants. The general form governing equations are listed in Table 3, involving the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and species 20,36‐39 . The source terms in these equations can be referred to 20 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The general form governing equations are listed in Table 3, involving the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and species. 20,[36][37][38][39] The source terms in these equations can be referred to. 20 A single straight channel is simulated under converse flow condition, and the geometry parameters are the same as the cells tested in this study.…”

Section: Performance Improvement Mechanism Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive overpotential analysis of high‐power density fuel cell: channel/rid width design

Liu

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Reducing the channel/rib width is a possible approach to improve the performance of fuel cells. However, few experiments were conducted to verify this claim, especially for channel/rib width of below 0.4 mm. In this study, we conducted quantitative analysis to investigate the influence of channel/rib geometries on the performance of fuel cells through experiments and model simulations. As the channel/rib width reduced from 1.0 to 0.2 mm, the fuel cell power density increased by 31% under high humidity condition. The influence of channel/rib width on overpotentials has also been revealed. Notably, narrow channels/ribs can lead to a significant reduction in mass transfer loss under high current density. Three‐dimensional simulation results suggest that the reduction of channel/rib width improves the uniformity of gas and water distribution under channels and ribs by 95%. This research provides a concrete foundation for the design of bipolar plates with high‐density flow channels for high‐power density fuel cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Improvement Mechanism Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive overpotential analysis of high‐power density fuel cell: channel/rid width design

Liu

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Cell voltage fluctuations and erratic behaviour are related to liquid water accumulation in the gas distribution channels and its uneven removal [65,66]. Increase in water accumulation decreases the voltage, and vice versa [67].…”

Section: Operating Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A lung-inspired printed circuit board polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Bethapudi

Hack

Trogadas

et al. 2019

Energy Conversion and Management

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Fractal cathode flow-fields, inspired by the flow mechanism of air inside lungs, can provide homogeneous, scalable and uniform distribution of reactants to polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) electrodes. However, the complex 3D flow-fields demonstrated previously face manufacturing challenges, such as requiring selective laser sintering, an additive manufacturing method that is expensive to scale up. Here, a lung-inspired cathode flow-field is introduced and fabricated using low-cost, lightweight printed circuit boards (PCB). The uniformity and alignment between individual PCB layers producing the fractal hierarchy of flow channels have been characterised using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). The performance of the fractal flow-field exceeds that of conventional single-serpentine flow-fields and is particularly beneficial when operating on air with a low relative humidity. The lung-2 inspired design is shown to lead to a more stable operation than the single-serpentine design, as a result of uniform distribution of reactants.

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“…As carbon dioxide emission increases, it causes a series of serious environmental and climate problems . Hence, hydrogen has been regarded as the ultimate solution to clean energy to solve the environmental and energy crises in the 21st century. , Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as an energy conversion device, play an irreplaceable role in the process of hydrogen energy development because of their high energy conversion efficiency, high energy density, and clean and pollution-free properties. − However, to achieve this high power performance, there are some technical barriers to be overcome, such as catalyst reactivity and stability issues − and effective gas–liquid transmission , in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), especially water management of the gas diffusion layer (GDL). , The energy output process of PEMFCs is a heterogeneous catalytic reaction, and the reactants (hydrogen and oxygen) need to migrate to the surface of the catalyst through the GDL. As catalysts with high activities − successfully applied in PEMFCs, − an efficient removal of water on the surface of catalyst particles is also essential to ensure the high performance of the PEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Diffusion Layer with a Regular Hydrophilic Structure Boosts the Power Density of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via the Construction of Water Highways

Zhang

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is an essential carrier for the mass transmission of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which decides the peak power density of PEMFCs. Herein, a gas diffusion layer with a regularly arranged hydrophilic and hydrophobic pattern structure was prepared by a template method combined with the ultrasonic spray process. The peak power density was enhanced by 30% (from 520 to 678 mW/cm2) compared to an unpatterned structure, and the breakthrough pressure of the GDL was reduced from 13.61 to 2.96 kPa. In addition, the finite element analysis (FEA) results indicate that the polarization curve of calculation was highly consistent with the experimental results. Importantly, the capillary pressure of the hydrophilic area was about 0.3 kPa, much lower than that of the hydrophobic area (2 kPa), demonstrating that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic synergistic structure reduced the water transmission resistance in separating water and oxygen and builds a high-speed channel for water transmission.

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Hysteresis of output voltage and liquid water transport in gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

A comprehensive overpotential analysis of high‐power density fuel cell: channel/rid width design

A comprehensive overpotential analysis of high‐power density fuel cell: channel/rid width design

A lung-inspired printed circuit board polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Gas Diffusion Layer with a Regular Hydrophilic Structure Boosts the Power Density of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells via the Construction of Water Highways

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