“…AVM has been described as lesions enlarged through vasculogenesis, involving the formation of new vasculature or angiogenesis to form new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. First, the effect of EC proliferation on angiogenesis was evaluated [ 14 , 15 ] and was found to be greater in AVM than in normal tissues. EC proliferation increased in AVM compared to normal tissues under hypoxic conditions, although proliferation generally decreased because of hypoxic damage ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ).…”