Hypoxia is a common biological hallmark of solid cancers, which has been proposed to be associated with oncogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4) in the hypoxiaâinduced invasion, epithelialâmesenchymal transition (EMT), and chemotherapy resistance of nonâsmallâcell lung cancer (NSCLC). We observed dramatically upregulated expression of OLFM4 in several NSCLC cell lines, and this effect was more pronounced in A549 and H1299 cells. In addition, our data revealed that OLFM4 expression was remarkably increased in both A549 and H1299 cells under hypoxic microenvironment, accompanied by enhanced levels of hypoxiaâinducible factor (HIF)â1α protein. The HIFâ1α level was elevated in response to hypoxia, resulting in the regulation of OLFM4. Interestingly, OLFM4 was a positive regulator of hypoxiaâdriven HIFâ1α production. Moreover, depletion of OLFM4 modulated multiple EMTâassociated proteins, as evidenced by the enhanced Eâcadherin levels along with the diminished expression of Nâcadherin and vimentin in response to hypoxia, and thus blocked invasion ability of A549 and H1299 cells following exposure to hypoxia. Furthermore, ablation of OLFM4 accelerated the sensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin under hypoxic conditions, implying that OLFM4 serves as a key regulator in chemotherapeutic resistance under hypoxia. In conclusion, OLFM4/HIFâ1α axis might be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.