Hypoxia-induced amnesia in one-trial learning and pharmacological protection by piracetam

Sara, Susan J.; Lefevre, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00422614

Cited by 86 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Anti-amnesic activity was assayed in scopolamine-in duced amnesia rats by the step-through one-trial passive avoidance method with a two-compartment apparatus (12). The apparatus consisted of a large white compart ment (30 X 30 X 30 cm) and a small black compart ment (10 X 10 X 10 cm) which were connected with a guillotine door (6 X 6 cm).…”

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confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Eurystatins A and B, New Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors, on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats

Kamei

Ueki

Obi

et al. 1992

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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-Eurystatins A and B, which are produced by Streptomyces eurythermus R353-21, potently inhibited Flavobacterium prolyl endopeptidase (PED) with IC50 values of 0.004 and 0.002,ug/ml, res pectively, while no inhibition was observed against another 5 proteases, even at 100 1tg/ml. The pro tective effect of eurystatins A and B against scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced amnesia in rats was evaluated by the step-through one-trial passive avoidance method. When administered i.p. 30 min prior to the acquisition trial, both eurystatins A, at 2 8 mg/kg, and B, at 4 8 mg/kg, significantly protected rats from the amnesic effect of scopolamine without behavioral side effects.

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confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Eurystatins A and B, New Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors, on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats

Kamei

Ueki

Obi

et al. 1992

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…(Ostrowski, Keil, & Schraven, 1975). However, many studies have reported piracetam facilitation 30 min following injection (Giurgea et aI., 1971 ;Sara & David-Rernacle, 1974 ;Sara & Lefevre, 1972;Wolthuis , 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rats, piracetam has been found to facilitate acquisition of a lightsignaled active avoidance in a Y maze (Wolthuis, 1971) and to reduce errors and escape latency in a four-choice water-filled maze (Giurgea & Mouravieff-Lesiusse, 1972). It has also been shown to protect against the amnestic effects of electroconvulsive shock (Sara & David-Remacle, 1974) and hypoxia (Giurgea, Lefevre, & Lescrenier, 1971;Sara & Lefevre, 1972 …”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of piracetam on one-way active avoidance in rats with medial thalamic lesions

Abbott

Means

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Rats sustaining either medial thalamic electrolytic lesions or sham operations were injected with either piractam (100 mg/kg), a drug previously shown to enhance acquisition, or saline for 3 consecutive days prior to being tested for shock-flinch threshold and one-way active avoidance. The animals with medial thalamic lesions were found to make fewer avoidances than the sham-operated animals. Piracetam was shown neither to alleviate the lesion-induced avoidance deficit nor to facilitate acquisition in the sham-operated animals. No differences were observed in shock-flinch threshold. 158Rats with relatively large lesions centered in the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus (DMT) have been found to be deficient on acquisition of one-way active avoidance (Tigner, 1972;Vanderwolf, 1964Vanderwolf, , 1966Vanderwolf, , 1967 Wuensch & Means, 1976). Several treatments, including septal lesions (Vanderwolf, 1964), warm-up period (Vanderwolf, 1966), electroconvulsive shock (Vanderwolf, 1968), and chlorpromazine injections (Wuensch & Means, 1976) have been found to partially alleviate the DMT lesion-induced active avoidance deficit. It has been suggested that all of the above treatments improve the performance of DMT-lesioned rats in avoidance conditioning by decreasing the tendency to behaviorally freeze when shocked. Further, it has been shown that amphetamine injections decrease the freezing behavior of DMT-lesioned rats in a two-choice discrimination task, but they do not improve choice performance (Wuensch, Broom, Means, & Harris, 1978). Thus, several treatments have been found to decrease the freezing behavior of DMT-Iesioned rats, but no treatment has been found that directly affects the acquisition process.Piracetam (2-pyrrolidone acetamide) has been proposed as a learning-facilitation drug (Giurgea, Note 1). In humans, it has been shown to alleviate some of the symptoms of senility (Stegnik, 1972). In rats, piracetam has been found to facilitate acquisition of a lightsignaled active avoidance in a Y maze (Wolthuis, 1971) and to reduce errors and escape latency in a four-choice water-filled maze (Giurgea & Mouravieff-Lesiusse, 1972). It has also been shown to protect against the amnestic effects of electroconvulsive shock (Sara & David-Remacle, 1974) and hypoxia (Giurgea, Lefevre, & Lescrenier, 1971;Sara & Lefevre, 1972 METHOD SubjectsA total of 41 individually housed , male, Long-Evans rats from the East Carolina University colony were used. All rats were given food and water ad lib.The study involved four groups. Eight rats received lesions centered on the DMT and were treated with piracetam (Group D-P). Group SoP (n =12) received sham operations and treatment with piracetam . Group D-S (n =9) received lesions centered on the DMT and saline. Group S-S (n =12) received sham operations and saline. ProcedureSurgery. Surgery was done under clean conditions ; sodium pentobarbital was used as anesthesia (Nembutal, 50 mg/kg) and .2 cc of BicilIin was administered to prevent infection. Subjects in Group D-P and Group D-...

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“…Piracetam has also been observed to increase the blood flow in some situations, probably because of decreased platelet aggregation, enhancement of red blood cell deformability and reduction in adherence of damaged erythrocytes to endothelial cells 23 . It is proposed that the beneficial effect of nootropics may be the result of improvement in cerebral circulation and brain metabolism 24 . Results like these have often led to the classification of the piracetam-1ike nootropics as cerebral metabolic enhancers.…”

Section: Observations and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2013

IJPSR

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Present study was done to evaluate the memory enhancing effect of Aegle marmelos and its comparison with the present standard treatment Piracetam in Wistar rats. The learning and memory was assessed using the elevated plus maze. The findings of the present study indicate that, Aegle marmelos extract treated animals at a dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. as well as 200 mg/kg p.o. showed significant decrease in transfer latency from 6th day to 7th day (p<0.05), but the percentage reduction was more with higher dose. When compared to the control group, this reduction was statistically significant (p<0.05). These findings demonstrate the facilitatory effect of Aegle marmelos on learning and memory (nootropic activity). This may be attributed to the involvement of neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine, which play a vital role in the cognitive functions.

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Hypoxia-induced amnesia in one-trial learning and pharmacological protection by piracetam

Cited by 86 publications

References 9 publications

Protective Effect of Eurystatins A and B, New Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors, on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats

Protective Effect of Eurystatins A and B, New Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitors, on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats

Effect of piracetam on one-way active avoidance in rats with medial thalamic lesions

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