Hypoxia, fetal and neonatal physiology: 100 years on from Sir Joseph Barcroft

Giussani, Dino A.; Sferruzzi‐Perri, Amanda N.; Vaughan, Owen; Fowden, Abigail L.

doi:10.1113/jp272000

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While PaO 2 has a minimal impact on the oxygen content of blood, the fraction of oxygen dissolved in blood plays an essential role in the physiology of ventilation and cardiovascular regulation (Giussani et al 2016). The oxygen tension in blood can exert its effect directly through a complex cascade of endogenous mediators that act directly on the vascular smooth muscle cells and by triggering chemoreflexes through the activation of chemoreceptors (Smith and Vane 1966; Ponte and Purves 1974; Giussani 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation targets in the neonatal intensive care unit: Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

Vali

Underwood

Lakshminrusimha

2019

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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The optimal oxygenation target needed to prevent the extremes of hypoxia and oxygen toxicity in premature and sick newborns has been the subject of much research and debate. The advent of the pulse oximeter has allowed the continuous monitoring of oxyhemoglobin saturation and the delivery of oxygen with greater precision. Well-run, large clinical trials to determine the safest oxygen concentration have led to several revisions in guidelines for neonatal care. However, monitoring of oxyhemoglobin saturation has its limitations and does not provide a comprehensive assessment of tissue oxygenation. To identify optimal oxygen therapy, various other factors (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, hemoglobin concentration, blood pH, and tissue metabolic demand) that influence perfusion and tissue oxygenation need to be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation targets in the neonatal intensive care unit: Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

Vali

Underwood

Lakshminrusimha

2019

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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“…Newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) often experience adverse perinatal outcomes that present with an increased mortality risk. The clinical evidence of cardiovascular dysfunction in fetal and/or early neonatal life supports the notion of perinatal programming before the onset of significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood [1, 2]. Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) is the most common adverse intrauterine condition and occurs under various circumstances such as high-altitude pregnancy [3], preeclampsia, placental insufficiency, and any inflammatory condition during pregnancy caused by gestational diabetes or even maternal obesity [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spermidine Prevents Heart Injury in Neonatal Rats Exposed to Intrauterine Hypoxia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Fragmentation

Chai

Zhang

et al. 2019

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) is a common intrauterine dysplasia that can cause programming of the offspring cardiovascular system. In this study, we hypothesized that placental treatment with spermidine (SPD) can prevent heart injury in neonatal offspring exposed to IUH. Pregnant rats were exposed to 21% O2 or 10% O2 (hypoxia) for 7 days prior to term or were exposed to hypoxia and intraperitoneally administered SPD or SPD+difluromethylornithine (DFMO) on gestational days 15-21. Seven-day-old offspring were then sacrificed to assess several parameters. Our results demonstrated that IUH led to decreased myocardial ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and increased spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) expression in the offspring. IUH also resulted in decreased offspring body weight, heart weight, cardiomyocyte proliferation, and antioxidant capacity and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis. Furthermore, IUH caused mitochondrial structure abnormality, dysfunction, and decreased biogenesis and led to a fission/fusion imbalance in offspring hearts. In vitro, hypoxia induced mitochondrial ROS accumulation, decreased membrane potential, and increased fragmentation. Notably, all hypoxia-induced changes analyzed in this study were prevented by SPD. Thus, in utero SPD treatment is a potential strategy for preventing IUH-induced neonatal cardiac injury.

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“…; Giussani et al . ). The recognition of the adverse impact of lower than normal oxygenation during pregnancy on ageing of the oviducts, with attendant consequences for gamete and embryo transport in potential next generation mothers, is an important area for further research and exploration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Giussani et al . ). The immediate effects of gestational hypoxia have been characterized in both human pregnancies and animal models, and include adverse outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and stillbirth (Giussani et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chronic fetal hypoxia disrupts the peri‐conceptual environment in next‐generation adult female rats

Aiken

Tarry-Adkins

Spiroski

et al. 2019

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Exposure to chronic hypoxia during gestation influences long‐term health and development, including reproductive capacity, across generations. If the peri‐conceptual environment in the developing oviduct is affected by gestational hypoxia, then this could have implications for later fertility and the health of future generations. In the present study, we show that the oviducts of female rats exposed to chronic hypoxia in utero have reduced telomere length, decreased mitochondrial DNA biogenesis and increased oxidative stress The results of the present study show that exposure to chronic gestational hypoxia leads to accelerated ageing of the oviduct in early adulthood and they help us understand how exposure to hypoxia during development could influence reproductive health across generations. Abstract Exposure to chronic hypoxia during fetal development has important effects on immediate and long‐term outcomes in offspring. Adverse impacts in adult offspring include impairment of cardiovascular function, metabolic derangement and accelerated ovarian ageing. However, it is not known whether other aspects of the female reproductive system may be similarly affected. In the present study, we examined the impact of chronic gestational hypoxia on the developing oviduct. Wistar rat dams were randomized to either normoxia (21%) or hypoxia (13%) from day 6 post‐mating until delivery. Post‐delivery female offspring were maintained in normoxia until 4 months of age. Oviductal gene expression was assayed at the RNA (quantitative RT‐PCR) and protein (western blotting) levels. Oviductal telomere length was assayed using Southern blotting. Oviductal telomere length was reduced in the gestational hypoxia‐exposed animals compared to normoxic controls (P < 0.01). This was associated with a specific post‐transcriptional reduction in the KU70 subunit of DNA‐pk in the gestational hypoxia‐exposed group (P < 0.05). Gestational hypoxia‐exposed oviducts also showed evidence of decreased mitochondrial DNA biogenesis, reduced mtDNA copy number (P < 0.05) and reduced gene expression of Tfam (P < 0.05) and Pgc1α (P < 0.05). In the hypoxia‐exposed oviducts, there was upregulation of mitochondrial‐specific anti‐oxidant defence enzymes (MnSOD; P < 0.01). Exposure to chronic gestational hypoxia leads to accelerated ageing of the oviduct in adulthood. The oviduct plays a central role in early development as the site of gamete transport, syngamy, and early development; hence, accelerated ageing of the oviductal environment could have important implications for fertility and the health of future generations.

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Hypoxia, fetal and neonatal physiology: 100 years on from Sir Joseph Barcroft

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation targets in the neonatal intensive care unit: Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

Hemoglobin oxygen saturation targets in the neonatal intensive care unit: Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

Spermidine Prevents Heart Injury in Neonatal Rats Exposed to Intrauterine Hypoxia by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Fragmentation

Chronic fetal hypoxia disrupts the peri‐conceptual environment in next‐generation adult female rats

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