Hypoxemia after single‐shot anesthesia in common marmosets

Abstract

We found that SpO values decreased to about 80% in the ketamine/xylazine/atropine protocol and fell just below 90% in the alphaxalone protocol. We observed a clear decrease in PaO values under the anesthetized condition compared to the awake condition. Our data indicate that single-shot anesthesia may cause hypoxemia in marmosets. Previous studies on other non-human primate have reported no SpO decrease and hypoxemia; thus, our experiment suggests that marmosets may have a more fragile respiratory system and require intensive veterinary care during anesthesia.

Evaluation of anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects after intramuscular administration of alfaxalone alone, alfaxalone‐ketamine and alfaxalone‐butorphanol‐medetomidine in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

“…SpO 2 values were lower than 95% in most animals in all treatments, possibly due to decreased respiratory rate and insufficient ventilation. Konoike et al 25 reported that hypoxaemia may be caused by a bolus dose of alfaxalone or a ketamine/xylazine combination in marmosets. They observed decreases in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2 ) values (between 48 and 73) and SpO 2 values (<95%) in anaesthetised marmosets.…”

The common marmoset in biomedical research: experimental disease models and veterinary management

“…Thermal support during and post anesthesia with a heating device and an intensive care unit chamber is essential because the larger surface area to volume ratio makes marmosets susceptible to hypothermia. In addition, a report indicated that the administration of anesthetic agents might lead to hypoxemia [47]. Except for minor treatments, inhalation anesthesia supplemented with oxygen and monitoring of saturation of percutaneous oxygen (SpO2) is recommended.…”

“…In addition, a previous report indicated that the administration of anesthetic agents might lead to hypoxemia [ 47 ]. Except for minor treatments, inhalation anesthesia supplemented with oxygen and monitoring of the saturation of percutaneous oxygen (SpO 2 ) is recommended.…”

Effects of Anesthesia on Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Connectivity of Nonhuman Primates

“…Alfaxalone (also known as alphaxalone or alphaxolone) is a synthetic neuroactive steroid anesthetic, and Alfaxalone-2-hydroxpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Alfaxalone-HPCD) is its newest formulation and was approved by the FDA for use in dogs and cats in 2012 [ 151 ]. Alfaxalone produces satisfactory induction and maintenance of anesthesia, such as the onset of anesthesia, fast redistribution, short elimination half-life, and short duration of action [ 152 ], and has been explored for anesthesia of horses [ 153 ], dogs [ 154 ], pigs [ 155 ], cats [ 152 , 156 ], and NHPs [ 157 , 158 , 159 ], suggesting alfaxalone has the potential to become an alternative anesthetic for induction and maintenance anesthesia of large animals. The pharmacological and anesthetic effects of alfaxalone in dogs were reviewed recently [ 160 ].…”