Hypothyroidism Might Be Related to Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Women

Abstract

Hypothyroidism might be related to breast cancer in post-menopausal womenKuijpens, J.L.; Nyklicek, Ivan; Louwman, W.J.; Weetman, A.P.; Pop, Victor; Coebergh, J.W.W. Published in: Thyroid Document version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. An association between breast cancer and thyroid (autoimmune) diseases or the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb; a marker of thyroid autoimmune disease) has been suggested. However, little is known about whether women with thyroid (autoimmune) diseases are at increased risk for developing breast cancer. This cross-sectional and prospective cohort study investigated whether the presence of TPOAb or thyroid dysfunction is related to the presence or development of breast cancer. An unselected cohort of 2,775 women around menopause was screened for the thyroid parameters thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT 4 ), and TPOAb during 1994. Detailed information on previous or actual thyroid disorders and breast cancer, and on putative factors related to breast cancer and thyroid disorders, was obtained. Clinical thyroid dysfunction was defined by both abnormal FT4 and TSH, and subclinical thyroid dysfunction by abnormal TSH (with normal FT4). A TPOAb concentration Ն 100 U/ml was defined as positive (TPOAb ϩ ). The study group was linked with the Eindhoven Cancer Registry to detect all women with (in situ) breast cancer (ICD-O code 174) diagnosed between 1958 and 1994. Subsequently, in the prospective study, all women who did not have breast cancer in 1994 (n ϭ 2,738) were followed up to July, 2003, and all new cases of (in situ) breast cancer and all cancer-related deaths were registered. Of the 2,775 women, 278 (10.0%) were TPOAb ϩ . At the 1994 screening, 37 women (1.3%) had breast cancer. TPOAbs were (independently) related to a current diagnosis of breast cancer (OR ϭ 3.3; 95% CI 1.3-8.5). Of the remaining women, 61 (2.2%) developed breast cancer. New breast cancer was related to: (1) an earlier diagnosis of hypothyroidism (OR ϭ 3.8; 95% CI 1.3-10.9); (2) the use of thyroid medication (OR ϭ 3.2; 95% CI 1.0-10.7); and (3) low FT4 (lowest tenth percentile: OR ϭ 2.3; 95% CI 1.2-4.6). In the first 3 years follow up, the relationship between FT4 and log-TSH was disturbed in women wi...

Is there an association between thyroid function abnormalities and breast cancer?

“…Nevertheless, other studies have demonstrated a higher (8,21,22) or a lower incidence of thyroid disease in BC cases (23). Hashimoto's disease, with or without positive thyroid antibodies (TPO-Abs and Tg-Abs), has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of BC (8,9,(24)(25)(26)(27) and, according to some studies, with a better prognosis and increased disease-free survival in BC cases (16,28).…”

Relationship between Breast Cancer and Levels of Serum Thyroid Hormones and Antibodies: a Meta-analysis

“…In the present study, subgroup analysis showed that BC patients in Europe have higher serum FT 3 levels than the control group, although no significant differences in FT 4 and TSH levels were observed. Hellevik et al reported that low levels of FT 4 and high levels of TSH were associated with an increased risk of BC (Kuijpens et al, 2005). However, another study found no association between TSH levels and breast cancer risk (Hellevik et al, 2009).…”

“…Full--text ar+cles assessed for eligibility (n =21) Figure.1) (Turken et al, 2003;Cengiz et al, 2004;Kuijpens et al, 2005;Saraiva et al, 2005;Giustarini et al, 2006;Ditsch et al, 2010;Ali et al, 2011;Szychta et al, 2013) . Tables 1 and 2 show the characteristics and data of all 8 studies included in our analysis.…”

“…Breast cancer (BC) is a hormone-dependent neoplasm (Turken et al, 2003;Uyeturk et al, 2013). Various thyroid disorders have been detected in breast cancer patients (Smyth et al, 1996;Kuijpens et al, 2005;Ditsch et al, 2010). The results of experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies suggest an association between thyroid disorders and breast cancer risk, although the results are inconclusive (Weiss et al, 1999;Simon et al, 2002).…”

Intracyctic Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review

“…A relationship between the effects of immune system, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease and malignancies, like breast cancer is suggested in some recent studies (6). Some studies show a relationship between hypothyroidism including autoimmune types with increased risk of breast cancer (7,8). There are also some researches that indicate an increased risk of cancers such as breast cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis (9,10).…”