Hypothyroidism, lipids, and lipidomics

Abstract

Purpose Hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrine disorder and is well documented to be associated with lipid abnormalities. Methods A narrative review was conducted of studies describing the alterations in the lipid profile accompanying both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Results Lipid abnormalities are seen with TSH values in the upper end of the accepted reference range, as well as with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. The degree of lipid derangement is generally proportional to the degree of TSH elevation. Other factors such as age, sex, and body mass index can also influence the pattern of the lipid abnormalities seen. The most robust finding with TSH elevation is increases in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Thyroid hormone treatment is efficacious in reversing the lipid abnormalities in both subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Conclusion Given the association of lipid abnormalities with metabolic and cardiovascular disease, consideration of hypothyroidism as an important non-communicable disease may facilitate studies that test the hypothesis that thyroid hormone treatment to reverse hypothyroidism-associated lipid abnormalities may improve metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes.

Metabolic Profiles and Blood Biomarkers to Discriminate between Benign Thyroid Nodules and Papillary Carcinoma, Based on UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+-MS Analysis

“…The data are consistent with the results of pathway analysis (see Section 2.3) as they show details regarding specific variations of different classes of metabolites, identifying either common metabolic signatures of PTC and BT or specific alterations for each pathology group, compared to controls. These findings are consistent with other previous experimental data obtained by LC-MS or NMR analysis of serum PTC and/or BT (hypo-and hyperthyroidism) samples that also confirmed the presence of specific alterations of these metabolic pathways [24,25,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

“…In addition, increased levels of bile acids were correlated with the upregulated FFA metabolism, which was observed in the BT group. These data are confirmed by the findings of different study groups [24,25,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], their results being related to the same categories of metabolites.…”

Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature

“…A large amount of data was available on the effect of high TSH levels and SCH in women with PCOS, whereas fewer studies analyzed the influence of other thyroid diseases/dysfunctions, such as AIT and GD, in women with PCOS. SCH was associated with a decrease in glucose disposal, but an increase in serum SHBG, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total triglyceride (TG) levels, weight, and insulin resistance in the general population, particularly in women ( 138 – 141 ). In fact, thyroid hormones regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism via direct actions on gene expression or nuclear receptors ( 142 ).…”

Diagnostic potential of TSH to HDL cholesterol ratio in vulnerable carotid plaque identification

“…Human studies have shown a positive correlation between elevated serum TSH levels and increased atherosclerotic lipid profiles, even within the normal reference range. Additionally, thyroid hormone replacement therapy, which reduces TSH levels, has been associated with lower blood lipid levels and a delayed progression of AS ( 28 ). Another study showed that serum TSH levels were positively correlated with cholesterol, even within the normal reference range, which also validated the influence of TSH on lipid metabolism ( 16 ).…”