Hypothyroidism during immunotherapy with interleukin-2 is associated with antithyroid antibodies and response to treatment.

Abstract

The likelihood of developing (transient) hypothyroidism is higher in patients who respond to IL-2 treatment. The development of antithyroid antibodies suggests that IL-2 treatment triggers autoreactive B-cell clones or that cellular and/or cytokine-mediated thyroid destruction leads to activation of autoreactive B-cell clones.

Hypothyroidism related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an emerging toxic effect of targeted therapy

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] some small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (tKis) have been shown to cause hypothyroidism related symptoms to a variable extent, which can reduce a patient's quality of life. we review the available data for tKi related thyroid dysfunction and the hypothesized patho physiological mechanisms of this toxicity.…”

“…interleukin 2 and interferons (iFns) could induce functional thyroid damage in patients affected by melanoma or renal cell carcinoma (rCC), by causing thy roiditis. [12][13][14][15][16] increased levels of thyroid auto antibodies 14,15 or hypothyroidism without autoantibodies 16,17 have been associ ated with improved outcome in patients with competing interests The authors declared no competing interests. reviews (Flt3), colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CsF1r), ret, Kit, and platelet derived growth factor receptor.…”

Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous and continuous intravenous infusion rIL-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

“…It is known that reversible thyroid dysfunction occurs in up to 60% of metastatic cancer patients treated with immunotherapy consisting of IL-2 alone or in combination with interferon-a or lymphocyte-activated killer cells. It has been associated with favourable tumour response (Weijl et al, 1993;Franzke et al, 1999). The higher percentage of SD found in patients from the s.c. cohort (50.5 and 29.8% for s.c. and c.i.v.…”

Thyroid Function Abnormalities in Patients Receiving Anticancer Agents

“…Hypothyroidism usually occurs 4-17 weeks after initiation of treatment [48,49]. It may be reversible following discontinuation of the drug [49,55].…”

“…Several autoimmune side-effects have been associated to interleukin-2 therapy, including thyroid disease with an incidence of 10%-50% [48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Hypothyroidism usually occurs 4-17 weeks after initiation of treatment [48,49].…”