Hypothetical COVID-19 protection mechanism: hints from centenarians

Guerini, Franca Rosa; Cesari, Matteo; Arosio, Beatrice

doi:10.1186/s12979-021-00226-z

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As expected, this excess mortality was higher than those observed in the Sicilian population that was 6% (55,583 deaths compared to 52,405) Examining centenarians separately the excess mortality raised to 28% and, again, was higher in men than in women (33% vs. 27%). These data confirm that women are more resilient to the virus than men as suggested by anecdotal findings discussed below [21,22], but not by the study conducted in Lombardy [14].…”

Section: Did Centenarians Die Less Than Remaining Older People?supporting

confidence: 79%

Role of Sex and Age in Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19: Women and Older Centenarians Are More Resilient

Caruso

Marcon

Accardi

et al. 2023

IJMS

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In the present paper, we have analysed the role of age and sex in the fatal outcome of COVID-19, as there are conflicting results in the literature. As such, we have answered three controversial questions regarding this aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) Have women been more resilient than men? (2) Did centenarians die less than the remaining older people? (3) Were older centenarians more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 than younger centenarians? The literature review demonstrated that: (1) it is women who are more resilient, in agreement with data showing that women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics; however, there are conflicting data regarding centenarian men; (2) centenarians overall did not die less than remaining older people, likely linked to their frailty; (3) in the first pandemic wave of 2020, centenarians > 101 years old (i.e., born before 1919), but not “younger centenarians”, have been more resilient to COVID-19 and this may be related to the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic, although it is unclear what the mechanisms might be involved.

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Section: Did Centenarians Die Less Than Remaining Older People?supporting

confidence: 79%

Role of Sex and Age in Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19: Women and Older Centenarians Are More Resilient

Caruso

Marcon

Accardi

et al. 2023

IJMS

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show abstract

“…Despite that, worldwide reports of unvaccinated centenarians and supercentenarians (105 years or older) recovered from Covid-19 with mild or moderate symptoms called our attention [25][26][27][28][29]. Understanding why some individuals overcome the disease despite aging, such as the nun Ms. Randon, the oldest person already reported to survive Covid-19 at age 116 [30] is of great interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The oldest unvaccinated Covid-19 survivors in South America

et al. 2022

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Background Although older adults are at a high risk of severe or critical Covid-19, there are many cases of unvaccinated centenarians who had a silent infection or recovered from mild or moderate Covid-19. We studied three Brazilian supercentenarians, older than 110 years, who survived Covid-19 in 2020 before being vaccinated. Results Despite their advanced age, humoral immune response analysis showed that these individuals displayed robust levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Enrichment of plasma proteins and metabolites related to innate immune response and host defense was also observed. None presented autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to type I interferon (IFN). Furthermore, these supercentenarians do not carry rare variants in genes underlying the known inborn errors of immunity, including particular inborn errors of type I IFN. Conclusion These observations suggest that their Covid-19 resilience might be a combination of their genetic background and their innate and adaptive immunity.

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“…For example, Belenguer-Varea et al found that compared to the general elderly population, centenarians exhibited less oxidative damage, particularly lower plasma lipid peroxidation biomarkers (30). Franca Rosa et al suggested that centenarians had an unusual colony of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells under the effect of a human leukocyte antigen (31). Arai et al found that maintenance of insulin sensitivity, low prevalence of diabetes, and dysregulation of adipokines were characteristics of centenarians (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age, period, and cohort on the prevalence of frailty in Chinese older adults from 2002 to 2014

Fan

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCurrently, longitudinal studies on frailty are in an early stage, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Only one study was conducted in Hong Kong to examine age-period-cohort effects on the prevalence of frailty among Chinese older adults.ObjectivesThis study aims to shed light on the prevalence trajectory of frailty among older adults in mainland China through the APC model and to analyze the effects of age, period, and cohort on the prevalence trajectory.MethodsThe sample for this study was older adults aged 65–109 years old from the 2002 to 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Frailty status was measured by Rockwood FI. An age-period-cohort model was used to describe the effects of age, period, and cohort on the prevalence trajectory of frailty.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty among Chinese older adults changed significantly with age, period, and cohort. Furthermore, the effect of age was much stronger than the effect of period and cohort. The prevalence of frailty in the 101–103 and 104–106 age groups was 8.998 (95% CI 13.667–5.924) and 8.699 (95% CI 13.037–5.805) times higher than the in the 65–67 age group, respectively. The sensitivity analysis based on Fried's frailty phenotype showed similar results, confirming the robustness of our findings.ConclusionAll of the age effect reflecting the individual aging process, period effect reflecting change in the social environment, and birth cohort effect reflecting different generations could influence the prevalence of frailty at the population level. In contrast, the age effect was the main effect.

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Hypothetical COVID-19 protection mechanism: hints from centenarians

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Role of Sex and Age in Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19: Women and Older Centenarians Are More Resilient

Role of Sex and Age in Fatal Outcomes of COVID-19: Women and Older Centenarians Are More Resilient

The oldest unvaccinated Covid-19 survivors in South America

Effects of age, period, and cohort on the prevalence of frailty in Chinese older adults from 2002 to 2014

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