Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline explores new horizons in treatment of preeclampsia

Azimi, Arsalan; Ziaee, Seyyed Mohyeddin; Farhadi, Payam; Sagheb, Mohammad Mahdi

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.06.031

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…In addition, there is a vicious cycle between autoimmune destruction of thyroid and the immune response against the gland. Pentoxifylline attenuates Th1-type immune reactions, so it can attenuate immune response against thyroid, which in turn decreases exposure of thyroid antigens to immune system [21]. As the rate of exposure decreases, the rate of anti-thyroid antibody formation diminishes.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HT is initiated secondary to Th1/Th2 imbalance [6]. Pentoxifylline equilibrates Th1/Th2 imbalance and attenuates Th1-mediated immune reactions [21,35]. Thereby it is hypothesized that PTX could decelerate cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of thyrocytes in HT.…”

Section: Ptx As An Immunomodulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is hypothesized that PTX could do so, since it is an anti-oxidant agent. 8-oxopentoxifylline, one of Pentoxifylline metabolites, is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger, which alleviates oxidative damage and strengthens cellular defense against oxidative stress [21]. Thereby it is hypothesized that PTX ameliorates and attenuates adverse effects oxidative stress in initiation process and during the course of HT.…”

Section: Ptx As An Antioxidantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative with chemical name of 1-5-oxohexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine [21]. It is shown to reduce ischemia-reperfusion induced damage, inactivate superoxide anions, improve endothelial function and vasodilatation, increase erythrocyte flexibility, attenuate inflammatory reactions, reduce viscosity of blood and inhibit platelet aggregation [21,22]. FDA has approved the agent to treat symptoms of intermittent claudication resulting from peripheral arterial disease [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pentoxifylline Explores New Horizons in Treatment of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Azimi¹

2016

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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Hashimoto Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. As the disease initiates unusual thyroidal antigens are exposed to the immune system. The immune system sensitizes to those antigens and creates a cell mediated autoimmune response against thyroid gland. Inflammatory cells infiltrate within thyroid follicles and destruct the follicles by inflicting oxidative stress and inducing apoptosis. The inflammatory process also reduces sensitivity of thyrocytes to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). As the disease progresses and the follicles degrade, fibrotic tissue replaces the follicles until the whole gland becomes fibrotic. Pentoxiflline could inhibit autoimmune destruction of thyrocytes, suppress cell mediated immune response against thyroid, decrease oxidative damage to thyrocytes, increase sensitivity of thyrocytes to TSH and hinder fibrotic degeneration of thyroid. Thereby PTX could cure HT and alleviate symptoms of hypothyroidism.

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Section: Evaluation Of Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ptx As An Immunomodulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ptx As An Antioxidantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pentoxifylline Explores New Horizons in Treatment of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Azimi¹

2016

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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“…The methylxanthine-derivative pentoxifylline has potential as a therapeutic option for the treatment of pre-eclampsia (Azimi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentoxifylline as a therapeutic option for pre‐eclampsia: a study on its placental effects

Broekhuizen

Vries

Smits

et al. 2022

British J Pharmacology

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Background and Purpose Recently pentoxifylline, a non‐selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, has attracted much interest for the treatment of the increased vascular resistance and endothelial dysfunction in pre‐eclampsia. We therefore investigated the placental transfer, vascular effects and anti‐inflammatory actions of pentoxifylline in healthy and pre‐eclamptic human placentas. Experimental Approach The placental transfer and metabolism of pentoxifylline were studied using ex vivo placenta perfusion experiments. In wire myography experiments with chorionic plate arteries, pentoxifyllines vasodilator properties were investigated, focusing on the cGMP and cAMP pathways and adenosine receptors. Its effects on inflammatory factors were also studied in placental explants. Key Results Pentoxifylline transferred from the maternal to foetal circulation, reaching identical concentrations. The placenta metabolized pentoxifylline into its active metabolite lisofylline (M1), which was released into both circulations. In healthy placentas, pentoxifylline potentiated cAMP‐ and cGMP‐induced vasodilation, as well as causing vasodilation by adenosine A1 antagonism and via NO synthase and PKG. Pentoxifylline also reduced inflammatory factors secretion. In pre‐eclamptic placentas, we observed that its vasodilator capacity was preserved, however not via NO‐PKG but likely through adenosine signalling. Pentoxifylline neither potentiated vasodilation through cAMP and cGMP, nor suppressed the release of inflammatory factors from these placentas. Conclusion and Implications Pentoxifylline is transferred across and metabolized by the placenta. Its beneficial effects on the NO pathway and inflammation are not retained in pre‐eclampsia, limiting its application in this disease, although it could be useful for other placenta‐related disorders. Future studies might focus on selective A1 receptor antagonists as a new treatment for pre‐eclampsia.

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The Endothelium During Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Penack

Holtan

2019

Immune Biology of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline explores new horizons in treatment of preeclampsia

Cited by 10 publications

References 100 publications

Pentoxifylline Explores New Horizons in Treatment of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Pentoxifylline Explores New Horizons in Treatment of Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Pentoxifylline as a therapeutic option for pre‐eclampsia: a study on its placental effects

The Endothelium During Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

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