Hypothesis: Could Epstein‐Barr virus play a role in the development of gastroschisis?

Werler, Martha M.

doi:10.1002/bdra.20640

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This finding points to a possible infectious cause of gastroschisis and should direct future research into that arena. 21 Specific information regarding antiherpetic medication use (including actual use patterns and indicating infection), genital herpes outbreak details, and serological testing for HSV types 1 and 2, and other herpes infections would allow for better classification of exposure and enhanced control for confounding by indication in future studies.…”

Section: Explanation For Our Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiherpetic Medication Use and the Risk of Gastroschisis: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007

Ahrens

Anderka

Feldkamp

et al. 2013

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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Background Previous studies examining the teratogenic effects of antiherpetic medications have found no associations for birth defects overall but have not examined the risk of specific birth defects. Methods The National Birth Defects Prevention Study ascertains population-based cases with birth defects and live-born controls without birth defects in ten states across the United States for the purpose of identifying potential teratogenic risk factors. Mothers of cases and controls are interviewed within two years of their estimated date of delivery about demographic, medical and behavioral factors before and during pregnancy. This analysis examined the possible association between use of antiherpetic medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir or famciclovir) during early pregnancy and gastroschisis, a birth defect of the abdominal wall. Results The mothers of 1.1% (n=10) of 941 gastroschisis cases and 0.3% (n=27) of 8339 controls reported antiherpetic medication use during the month before conception through the third month of pregnancy. The adjusted odds ratios for such use in relation to gastroschisis were 4.68 (95% confidence interval [1.65, 13.28]) and 4.68 [1.15, 19.03] among women with and without self-reported genital herpes, respectively, when compared to women without antiherpetic use or herpes. Among women reporting no antiherpetic medication use, the odds ratio for self-reported genital herpes in relation to gastroschisis was 3.00 [1.58, 5.68]. Conclusions Our study raises the possibility of an increased risk of gastroschisis due to either antiherpetic medication use during early pregnancy or the underlying genital herpes infection for which it was indicated.

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Section: Explanation For Our Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiherpetic Medication Use and the Risk of Gastroschisis: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007

Ahrens

Anderka

Feldkamp

et al. 2013

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…Various theories for the mechanism of the defect formation have been proposed including embryologic vascular disruption [Folkerth et al, 2013], maternal immune modifications [Chambers et al, 2007;Werler, 2010;Weiss et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2013], and genetic contributions [Torfs et al, 2006;Jenkins et al, 2014]. Various theories for the mechanism of the defect formation have been proposed including embryologic vascular disruption [Folkerth et al, 2013], maternal immune modifications [Chambers et al, 2007;Werler, 2010;Weiss et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2013], and genetic contributions [Torfs et al, 2006;Jenkins et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although compelling epidemiologic risk factors have been identified, the underlying pathogenesis of gastroschisis remains unclear. Various theories for the mechanism of the defect formation have been proposed including embryologic vascular disruption [Folkerth et al, 2013], maternal immune modifications [Chambers et al, 2007;Werler, 2010;Weiss et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2013], and genetic contributions [Torfs et al, 2006;Jenkins et al, 2014]. Cause of the defect and avenues for gastroschisis prevention remain elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal factors associated with the occurrence of gastroschisis

Baer

Chambers

Jones

et al. 2015

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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We sought to identify age group specific maternal risk factors for gastroschisis. Maternal characteristics and prenatal factors were compared for 1,279 live born infants with gastroschisis and 3,069,678 without. Data were obtained using the California database containing linked hospital discharge, birth certificate and death records from 1 year prior to the birth to 1 year after the birth. Backwards-stepwise logistic regression models were used with maternal factors where initial inclusion was determined by a threshold of p < 0.10 on initial crude analyses. Due to the strong association of gastroschisis with young maternal age, models were stratified by age groups and odds ratios were calculated. These final models identified maternal infection as the only risk factor common to all age groups and a protective effect of obesity and gestational hypertension. In addition, age specific risk factors were identified. Although gestation at the time of infection was not available, a sexually transmitted disease complicating pregnancy was associated with increased risk in the less than 20 years of age grouping whereas viral infection was associated with increased risk only in the 20-24 and more than 24 years of age groupings. Urinary tract infection remained in the final logistic model for women less than 20 years. Short interpregnancy interval was not found to be a risk factor for any age group. Our findings support the need to explore maternal infection by type and gestational timing.

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“…Some risk factors, like maternal smoking, young maternal age, low socioeconomic status, and others, have been associated with this malformation [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]. However, a link between etiology and pathology is still missing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Familial recurrence of gastroschisis

Köhl

Wiesel

Schier

2010

Journal of Pediatric Surgery

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Hypothesis: Could Epstein‐Barr virus play a role in the development of gastroschisis?

Abstract: EBV and other herpes viruses should be added to the research agenda for gastroschisis.

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Antiherpetic Medication Use and the Risk of Gastroschisis: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007

Antiherpetic Medication Use and the Risk of Gastroschisis: Findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2007

Maternal factors associated with the occurrence of gastroschisis

Familial recurrence of gastroschisis

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