Hypotheses and lessons from a native moth outbreak in a low‐diversity, tropical rainforest

Banko, Paul C.; Peck, Robert W.; Yelenik, Stephanie G.; Paxton, Eben H.; Bonaccorso, Frank J.; Montoya‐Aiona, Kristina; Hughes, R. Flint; Perakis, Steven S.

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3926

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…In specific conditions, a higher refuge effect contributes to the reproduction of moths. But it may reduce spider population density in a short period, which is consistent with empirical studies [ 53 , 54 ]. Furthermore, through the time series diagrams, the population density of moths gradually tends to stabilize with the development of time when the refuge effect is small.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Insect Predator–Prey System Incorporating Refuge Effect

Zhang,

Yuan,

Zou

et al. 2024

Entropy

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The insect predator–prey system mediates several feedback mechanisms which regulate species abundance and spatial distribution. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of such discrete systems with the refuge effect remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed a discrete Holling type II model incorporating the refuge effect using theoretical calculations and numerical simulations, and selected moths with high and low growth rates as two exemplifications. The result indicates that only the flip bifurcation opens the routes to chaos, and the system undergoes four spatiotemporally behavioral patterns (from the frozen random pattern to the defect chaotic diffusion pattern, then the competition intermittency pattern, and finally to the fully developed turbulence pattern). Furthermore, as the refuge effect increases, moths with relatively slower growth rates tend to maintain stability at relatively low densities, whereas moths with relatively faster growth rates can induce chaos and unpredictability on the population. According to the theoretical guidance of this study, the refuge effect can be adjusted to control pest populations effectively, which provides a new theoretical perspective and is a feasible tool for protecting crops.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Insect Predator–Prey System Incorporating Refuge Effect

Zhang,

Yuan,

Zou

et al. 2024

Entropy

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“…The endemic species ‘ōhi‘a ( Metrosideros polymorpha ) was the second-most used species represented in our data, which may be a factor of it being widespread and major forest component throughout Hawai‘i Island. In contrast, the endemic koa ( Acacia koa ) was not recorded as a bat roost at any time during our study despite capture and tracking efforts within koa-dominated and mixed koa forests, as well as documented foraging activity [ 14 , 64 ] within these relatively common land-cover types. The notable absence of observed bat roosts in koa ( Acacia koa ) may be attributable to the species’ leaf structure, which is composed of vertically oriented phyllodes that function to reduce light interception and plant heat loading [ 65 ] but may in turn lessen potential cover for bats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale assessment of roost selection by ‘ōpe‘ape‘a, the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus)

Montoya-Aiona,

Gorresen,

Courtot

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus; Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), commonly and locally known as ‘ōpe‘ape‘a, is a solitary, insectivorous, and foliage-roosting species distributed across a wide range of habitats in lowland and montane environments. The species, as with many others in the Hawaiian archipelago, are facing a suite of challenges due to habitat loss and degradation, introduced predators and pests, and climate change. An understanding of the roost requirements of foliage-roosting tree bats is critical to their conservation as these habitats provide several important benefits to survival and reproduction. Because little is known about ‘ōpe‘ape‘a roost ecology and considerable effort is needed to capture and track bats to roost locations, we examined resource selection at multiple spatial scales—perch location within a roost tree, roost tree, and forest stand. We used a discrete choice modeling approach to investigate day-roost selection and describe attributes of roost trees including those used as maternity roosts. ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a were found roosting in 19 tree species and in an assortment of landcover types including native and non-native habitats. Our results are largely consistent with findings of other studies of foliage-roosting, insectivorous tree bats where bats selected roost locations that may offer protection and thermoregulatory benefits.

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“…Therefore, except for senescent individuals, increasing DBH in koa and ʻaʻaliʻi should result in more food resources to Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio. Both koa and ʻaʻaliʻi are hosts to many native and alien arthropods eaten by birds (Swezey 1954;Gagne 1979;Peck et al 2014Peck et al , 2015Banko et al 2022), including Lepidoptera which are particularly important to native Hawaiian forest birds (Banko et al 2015). Especially important are Scotorythra spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially important are Scotorythra spp. caterpillars, which form a critically important part of the diet of most native forest birds (Perkins 1903;Banko & Banko 2009a;Banko et al 2021Banko et al , 2022. Notably, the now extinct greater koa-finch (Rhodocanthus palmeri), a koa seed specialist, also occasionally visited ʻaʻaliʻi for both caterpillars and seeds (Munro 1960).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty‐five years of change in forest structure and nesting behavior of Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio

Jaenecke,

Banko,

Peck

et al. 2023

Restoration Ecology

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Long‐term ecological studies are invaluable for detecting changes over time. Forest restoration has been a conservation priority in Hawaiʻi, where invasive species have negatively impacted native bird habitat. During 1993–1994, a study was conducted of Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) nest site selection and forest composition in mesic montane forest along Mauna Loa Road in Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. We returned to the site and repeated the methods used in the earlier study to record Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio nest site selection (tree species, tree and nest height, and tree girth [diameter at breast height, DBH]) from 2015 to 2017, and measured forest composition (tree density, relative abundance, height, and DBH) in 2019. Three times as many nests were found in ʻaʻaliʻi (Dodonaea viscosa) as in koa (Acacia koa) in both time periods. Heights of koa and ʻaʻaliʻi did not change, but their DBH increased over time. The relative height of nests in ʻaʻaliʻi trees did not change, but nests in koa were placed higher in the crown during the later study. Overall tree density increased from 1,619 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1,499–1,740) trees/ha to 2,583 (95% CI = 2,176–3,096) trees/ha. Koa relative abundance was 53% of total trees earlier and 45% later, ʻaʻaliʻi remained at 47%, and māmane (Sophora chrysophylla) increased from 0 to 8% over time. Our results indicate that changes in forest composition affect nesting behavior, but in ways that are not necessarily simple or consistent.

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Hypotheses and lessons from a native moth outbreak in a low‐diversity, tropical rainforest

Cited by 5 publications

References 149 publications

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Insect Predator–Prey System Incorporating Refuge Effect

The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Insect Predator–Prey System Incorporating Refuge Effect

Multi-scale assessment of roost selection by ‘ōpe‘ape‘a, the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus semotus)

Twenty‐five years of change in forest structure and nesting behavior of Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio

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