Hypothalamus of the human fetus

Koutcherov, Yuri; Kurths, Jürgen; Paxinos, George

doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.07.002

Cited by 94 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…During the second trimester, the hypothalamus develops further, and during the late second trimester (24-33 weeks of gestation), the hypothalamic structure takes on an adult-like appearance, although the development is not yet complete (28). In this study, we found that MCT8, MCT10, and OATP1C1 are expressed at this stage, although staining intensities vary between subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases in the developing human hypothalamus

Friesema

Visser

Borgers

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling in brain cells is dependent on transport of TH across the plasma membrane followed by intracellular deiodination and binding to the nuclear TH receptors. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of the specific TH transporters monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8 (SLC16A2)), MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1 (SLCO1C1)), and the types 2 and 3 deiodinases (D2 and D3) in the developing human hypothalamus. Design: Fifteen postmortem brain samples of fetuses and young children ranging between 17 weeks of gestation and 29 months of postnatal age including one child (28 months) with central congenital hypothyroidism were studied. Methods: Sections of the different hypothalami were stained with polyclonal rabbit antisera against MCT8, MCT10, OATP1C1, D2, and D3. Results: We found MCT8 and D3 but not D2 protein expression to be present in our earliest sample of 17 weeks of gestation, indicating triiodothyronine degradation, but not production at this time of development. At term, expression of TH transporters and D2 decreased and D3 expression increased, suggesting decreased TH signaling just before birth. The child with central congenital hypothyroidism showed higher MCT8 and D2 expression compared with the other children of similar age. Conclusions: This study reports the developmental timing of expression of components crucial for central TH signaling in the human hypothalamus. In general, during fetal hypothalamic development, the coordinated expression of D2 and D3 in combination with the different TH transporters suggests that proper TH concentrations are regulated to prevent untimely maturation of brain cells.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases in the developing human hypothalamus

Friesema

Visser

Borgers

et al. 2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Food intake and energy balance may lead to hypothalamic programming and hormonal changes in the offspring (24,25). Inversely, the hypothalamus plays an important role in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential methylation in glucoregulatory genes of offspring born before vs. after maternal gastrointestinal bypass surgery

Guénard¹,

Deshaies

Cianflone

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity and overnutrition during pregnancy affect fetal programming of adult disease. Children born after maternal bariatric gastrointestinal bypass surgery (AMS) are less obese and exhibit improved cardiometabolic risk profiles carried into adulthood compared with siblings born before maternal surgery (BMS). This study was designed to analyze the impact of maternal weight loss surgery on methylation levels of genes involved in cardiometabolic pathways in BMS and AMS offspring. Differential methylation analysis between a sibling cohort of 25 BMS and 25 AMS (2-25 y-old) offspring from 20 mothers was conducted to identify biological functions and pathways potentially involved in the improved cardiometabolic profile found in AMS compared with BMS offspring. Links between gene methylation and expression levels were assessed by correlating genomic findings with plasma markers of insulin resistance (fasting insulin and homeostatic model of insulin resistance). A total of 5,698 genes were differentially methylated between BMS and AMS siblings, exhibiting a preponderance of glucoregulatory, inflammatory, and vascular disease genes. Statistically significant correlations between gene methylation levels and gene expression and plasma markers of insulin resistance were consistent with metabolic improvements in AMS offspring, reflected in genes involved in diabetes-related cardiometabolic pathways. This unique clinical study demonstrates that effective treatment of a maternal phenotype is durably detectable in the methylome and transcriptome of subsequent offspring.developmental origins | epigenetics | intrauterine environment | glucose metabolism | adiposity C hildhood overweight and obesity have increased dramatically in recent decades (1). Parental obesity increases the risk of obesity in offspring through genetic, biological, and environmental influences evident in associations between maternal body mass index (BMI), offspring adiposity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (2-4). Maternal obesity, weight gain, increased interpregnancy BMI, and gestational diabetes all increase risks of offspring obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (5, 6). Several genetic studies of nutritional response and metabolic control support the hypothesis that specific epigenetic changes contribute to early nutritional fetal programming, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders later in life (7-9).The intrauterine environment including nutritional factors, toxic exposures, and maternal stress participates in fetal programming (10). Maternal diet and adiposity impact methylation levels affecting specific gene functions. Prenatal exposure to famine during the Dutch hunger winter of 1944 is associated with obesity with less DNA methylation ("undermethylation") of the imprinted insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene in exposed offspring relative to their unexposed siblings (11). Recently, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) promoter methylation was demonstrated to correlate with increased adiposity in two independent cohorts of ch...

show abstract

“…The hypothalamus, known as an instinctive brain center, is implicated in a multitude of vital bodily processes including cardiovascular regulation, sleep, metabolism, stress, thermoregulation, water and electrolyte balance, appetite regulation, sexual behavior and immune responses (Koutcherov et al, 2003). In this study, the strong EcMBP immunoreacted signals were observed in NPOpc, VC, DP, NLTm, and NDLI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Identification and characterization of a MBP isoform specific to hypothalamus in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2007

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypothalamus of the human fetus

Cited by 94 publications

References 81 publications

Thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases in the developing human hypothalamus

Thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases in the developing human hypothalamus

Differential methylation in glucoregulatory genes of offspring born before vs. after maternal gastrointestinal bypass surgery

Identification and characterization of a MBP isoform specific to hypothalamus in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About