Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the chick embryo

Thommes, Robert C.; Tonetta, Sharon A.

doi:10.1016/0016-6480(79)90104-7

Cited by 35 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Preliminary experiments showed that acute exposure to cold did not alter plasma Na+ concentration or allantoic fluid Na+ and Cl-concentrations in the 16.5day embryos compared with noncooled eggs. This finding was crucial in validating the method of sample collection since other investigators have shown that the embryo responds to stress at this time by releasing corticosterone (Wise and Frye, 1973) and thyroid hormone (Thommes et a/., 1979), hormones which might acutely influence osmoregulatory performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ontogeny of endocrine control of osmoregulation in chick embryo

Doneen

Smith

1982

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Ontogeny of endocrine control of osmoregulation in chick embryo

Doneen

Smith

1982

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…이러한 온도 조작은 동물의 열 생산 역치 반응의 변화 를 위한 시상하부-뇌하수체-갑상선 축의 발달과 스트레스 반응 증가를 회피하기 위한 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축의 발달과 연결되어 있다 (Yahav et al, 2004). 가금류의 배아발 달 단계 중 신체기능의 발달은 일찍 시작되는데, 배 발달의 중간과 후기가 온도 조절의 좋은 기간이며, 이 기간은 또한 체온조절과 관련된 시상하부-뇌하수체-갑상선 축과 스트레 스와 연관된 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축이 발달하는 시기이 다 (Thommes et al, 1984;Tzschentke, 2007). 병아리는 배발 생 8일과 12일 사이에 배아 내 갑상선과 부신축의 발달이 일어나는데 이 시기와 근섬유의 주요 부분이 생성되는 근신 생(myogenesis)의 주요 단계와 대부분 겹친다 (Thommes et al, 1984).…”

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“…가금류의 배아발 달 단계 중 신체기능의 발달은 일찍 시작되는데, 배 발달의 중간과 후기가 온도 조절의 좋은 기간이며, 이 기간은 또한 체온조절과 관련된 시상하부-뇌하수체-갑상선 축과 스트레 스와 연관된 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축이 발달하는 시기이 다 (Thommes et al, 1984;Tzschentke, 2007). 병아리는 배발 생 8일과 12일 사이에 배아 내 갑상선과 부신축의 발달이 일어나는데 이 시기와 근섬유의 주요 부분이 생성되는 근신 생(myogenesis)의 주요 단계와 대부분 겹친다 (Thommes et al, 1984). 앞에서 기술한 것처럼 위성세포가 세포 분열하는 활성은 배아발생 15일과 19일 사이에 일어나며, 배아발생 17일에 최고에 이르고 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신 축도 이 기 간 동안 활성화된다 (Halevy et al, 2006;Piestun et al, 2009).…”

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Thermal Stress and Muscle Development in Early Posthatch Broilers

Moon¹

2021

Korean J. Poult. Sci.

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Global warming and scorching summer seasons affect the growth ability of broilers and animal welfare. In modern broilers, vital organs, such as the heart and lungs, grow disproportionally under intensive selection, making it difficult to adapt to warmer climates. Changes in environmental temperature can affect muscle formation during embryonic development and the early posthatching period. Satellite cells are highly sensitive to heat stress. Heat stress affects the proliferation and differentiation activity of satellite cells and muscle growth and structure. Therefore, thermal manipulation during broiler chick embryogenesis and environmental temperature management at the beginning of hatching are critical for the development and growth of broiler muscles. This review focuses on the thermoregulation mechanism of birds, the muscle development process of broilers, and the function of satellite cells, the relationship between heat stress and muscle development of chicks shortly after hatching, and studies on heat resistance and muscle growth of broilers.

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Hormonal and environmental interactions on thyroid function in the chick embryo and posthatching chicken

1984

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Recent research has focused on developmental changes in thyroxine (T4) metabolism as well as hormonal and environmental interactions upon peripheral monodeiodination. Toward the end of incubation and the time of air space membrane perforation, concentrations of 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine T3 increase more rapidly than T4, while reverse T3 (rT3) decreases. Administration of glucocorticoids or prolactin (hormones known to increase at the end of incubation) 2 to 3 days prior to air chamber perforation can induce this change in T4 metabolism. Attention has been focused on two major environmental factors that influence T4 concentrations in posthatch chicks. T4 disappearance rate and peripheral T4 conversion are adjusted during thermal acclimation. More T3 will be generated in cold-exposed chickens, and more rT3 will be produced at higher ambient temperatures. Peripheral T4 metabolism acts as an independent regulation pathway but accompanies changes in hypothalamo-thyroid activity. Changes in thyroid hormone levels following ambient temperature changes, therefore, are the result of a balance between central and peripheral control mechanisms, depending on age of the animal and degree and duration of the temperature change. In the hen, feeding also plays an important role in the regulation of the absolute levels and daily rhythms of plasma thyroid hormones. Fasting results in an increase in circulating T4 levels, but a decrease in T3 levels, owing to a lower 5'deiodinase activity, and also abolishes the circadian circulating T3 rhythm.

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Hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-thyroid interrelationships in the chick embryo

Cited by 35 publications

References 64 publications

Ontogeny of endocrine control of osmoregulation in chick embryo

Ontogeny of endocrine control of osmoregulation in chick embryo

Thermal Stress and Muscle Development in Early Posthatch Broilers

Hormonal and environmental interactions on thyroid function in the chick embryo and posthatching chicken

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