Hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenocortical axis responses to physostigmine: Effects of alzheimer's disease and gender

Peskind, Elaine R.; Raskind, Murray A.; Wingerson, Dane; Pascualy, Marcella; Thal, Leon J.; Dobie, Dorcas J.; Wilkinson, Charles W.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00318-5

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…With reference to hormone responses to cholinergic stimulation, Peskind et al (1996) reported significantly higher ACTH, ␤E-LI, and cortisol responses to PHYSO in a group of elderly women (Alzheimer's disease patients and normal controls) compared with a similar group of elderly men, as mentioned earlier. These findings are different from ours, in that we found no overall sex difference in HPA axis responses to PHYSO in our elderly subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Raskind et al (1990) found significantly greater cortisol and ␤ -endorphin-like immunoactivity ( ␤ E-LI) responses to PHYSO (12.5 g/kg infused IV over 10 min), but no significant difference in AVP responses, in 12 healthy elderly men (average age 68 years) compared with nine healthy young men (average age 25 years). Peskind et al (1995Peskind et al ( , 1996, using the same PHYSO challenge, studied five female and five male healthy, elderly controls (average age 71 years), and three female and eight male otherwise healthy patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (average age 72 years). The patients and controls had similar ACTH, ␤ E-LI, and cortisol responses, but the group of eight women had significantly greater responses of all three hormones than did the 13 men.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexual Diergism of Hypothalamo-Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physotigmine in Elderly vs. Young Women and Men

Rubín

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Diergism of Hypothalamo-Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physotigmine in Elderly vs. Young Women and Men

Rubín

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…There also may be an important effect of age on sex differences in HPA axis responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation. Peskind et al (1996) measured immunoreactive ACTH, ␤-endorphin-like immunoreactivity, and cortisol responses to PHYSO in female and male patients with Alzheimer's disease and normal older-adult controls. There were no differences between patients and controls in any hormone response, but the female patients and controls as a group (n ϭ 8) had significantly greater responses of all three hormones than did the male subjects as a group (n ϭ 13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only three of their eight elderly women were receiving estrogen replacement; our preliminary findings on postmenopausal, nonestrogen-replaced women suggest that they may have greater responses to low-dose PHYSO than do younger women. Second, Peskind et al (1996) quantitated side effects to PHYSO and indicated there was no significant difference in nausea ratings between men and women, but the severity of side effects was not noted, i.e., how many subjects may have had nausea and vomiting and thus a nonspecific stress stimulation of the HPA axis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary-Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physostigmine and Arginine Vasopressin Administration in Normal Women and Men

Rubín

Sekula

O’Toole

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Animal studies indicate that central cholinergic neurotransmission stimulates CRH secretion, but several human studies suggest that the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal cortical (HPA) axis may be activated only by doses of cholinergic agonists that produce noxious side effects and, by inference, a nonspecific stress response. Physostigmine (PHYSO), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was administered to normal women and men at a dose that elevated plasma ACTH cortisol, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations but produced few or no side effects. Exogenous AVP also was administered alone and following PHYSO, to determine if it would augment the effect of PHYSO on the HPA axis. Fourteen normal women and 14 normal men matched to the women on age and race underwent four test sessions 5 to 7 days apart: PHYSO (8 g/kg IV), AVP (0.08 U/kg IM), PHYSO plus AVP, and saline control. Serial blood samples taken before and after pharmacologic challenge were analyzed for ACTH , cortisol, and AVP. PHYSO and AVP administration produced no side effects in about half the subjects and mild side effects in the other half, with no significant female-male differences overall. There also were no significant female-male differences in ACTH or cortisol responses to AVP. In contrast, the men had significantly greater ACTH There is ample evidence from animal studies that cholinergic neurotransmission stimulates both CRH and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion (Gregg 1985;Tuomisto and Männistö 1985;Assenmacher et al. 1987 Received March 20, 1998; revised July 1, 1998; accepted July 10, 1998. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1999 -VOL . 20 , NO . 5 Pituitary-Adrenal Responses to Physostigmine and AVP 435 and Grossman 1990;Michels et al. 1991;Okuda et al. 1993;Whitnall 1993;Coiro et al. 1995;Calogero 1995;Ohmori et al. 1995), both of which stimulate ACTH secretion (Rivier et al. 1990;Antoni 1993). Several studies in humans, however, suggest that the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical (HPA) axis is activated only by doses of cholinergic agonists that produce noxious side effects, especially nausea (Carroll et al. 1980;Davis et al. 1982;Doerr and Berger 1983;Nurnberger et al. 1983;Lewis et al. 1984;Krieg et al. 1987;Freeman et al. 1990), and, by inference, a nonspecific stress response, nausea being a powerful stimulus to AVP release (Nussey et al. 1988;Koch et al. 1990;Kohl 1992). In the present study, a dose of physostigmine (PHYSO), a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, was established that discernibly elevated plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations in normal subjects but produced few or no side effects. The purpose was to develop a pharmacologic cholinergic challenge to the central nervous system as specific as possible, with which to test the cholinergic overactivity hypothesis of major depression (Dilsaver 1986;Janowsky and Overstreet 1995), as reflected by HPA axis hormone responses in patients compared to controls.Under the hypothesis that a low, minimal side-effect producing dose of PHYSO would enhance the secretion...

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“…It is notable that AD patients also exhibit changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function (Davis et al, 1986;Hatzinger et al, 1995;Peskind et al, 1996). AD patients appear to be especially sensitive to changes in cortisol levels as AD patients with higher cortisol levels perform worse than AD patients with lower cortisol levels on memory tasks (Carlson et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent sexual dimorphism in cognition and stress response in the 3xTg-AD mice

Clinton

Billings

Green

et al. 2007

Neurobiology of Disease

261

205

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We sought to determine if sex impacts the cognitive and neuropathological phenotype of the 3xTg-AD mice. We find that male and female 3xTg-AD mice show comparable impairments on Morris water maze (MWM) and inhibitory avoidance (IA) at 4 months. Shortly thereafter, however, the cognitive performance varies among the sexes, with females performing worse than males. These behavioral differences are not attributable to differences in Aβ or tau levels. The behavioral effect is transient as from 12 months onward, the disparity is no longer apparent. Because females perform worse than males on stressful tasks, we explored their corticosterone responses, and find that young female 3xTg-AD mice show markedly heightened corticosterone response after 5 days of MWM training compared to age-matched male 3xTg-AD mice; this difference is no longer apparent in older mice. Thus, the enhanced corticosterone response of the young female mice likely underlies their poorer performance on stressful tasks.

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Hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenocortical axis responses to physostigmine: Effects of alzheimer's disease and gender

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Sexual Diergism of Hypothalamo-Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physotigmine in Elderly vs. Young Women and Men

Sexual Diergism of Hypothalamo-Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physotigmine in Elderly vs. Young Women and Men

Pituitary-Adrenal Cortical Responses to Low-Dose Physostigmine and Arginine Vasopressin Administration in Normal Women and Men

Age-dependent sexual dimorphism in cognition and stress response in the 3xTg-AD mice

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