Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Chronic Stress in Five Inbred Rat Strains: Differential Responses Are Mainly Located at the Adrenocortical Level

Gómez, Francisca; Lahmame, Abdeljalil; Kloet, E. Ronald de; Armario, Antonio

doi:10.1159/000126973

Cited by 248 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This may, in at least part, explain the lack of significant difference in CS levels between the groups. However, importantly, the results confirm that the CS doses used in this study produced plasma levels that were within the physiological range, and appropriate to those that are seen in chronic stress in rats (Gomez et al, 1996). Two other studies have shown that adrenalectomy inhibits epileptogenesis in the kainic acid (Lee et al, 1989) and kindling (Karst et al, 1997) rat models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Chronic Low-Dose Corticosterone Supplementation Enhances Acquired Epileptogenesis in the Rat Amygdala Kindling Model of TLE

Taher

Salzberg

Morris

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with high rates of depression and anxiety. A bidirectional causal relationship has been suggested, with these psychiatric comorbidities themselves enhancing epileptogenesis, possibly via hypercortisolemia. We examined the effects on epileptogenesis of chronic supplementation with low-dose corticosterone (CS) in the electrical amygdala kindling rat model. Adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized and implanted with bipolar electrodes into the left amygdala. After 1 week recovery, one group (n ¼ 7) had CS (3 mg/100 mlFapprox. 4.5 mg/kg/day) and a control group saline (n ¼ 7) added to their drinking water, and both groups underwent twice daily electrical stimulations. Rats were culled 2 weeks after reaching the fully kindled state. A stereological optical fractionator technique was used to estimate the number of CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the stimulations. Fewer stimulations were required in the CS-supplemented rats than in controls to reach the fully kindled state (32 vs 81, po0.03, Student's t-test) and the first Class V seizure (14 vs 57, po0.05). The mean after-discharge length was greater in the CS group (p ¼ 0.03, repeated measures analysis of variance). There was no difference in the mean number of CA1 neurons (1.05 Â 10 5 vs 1.04 Â 10 5 , p ¼ 0.98). These data demonstrate that low-dose CS enhances epileptogenesis in this model of MTLE. This provides support for the hypothesis that chronic hypercortisolemia, as a result of stress, anxiety, and/or depression, may facilitate the development and progression of epilepsy in patients with MTLE. The lack of difference in hippocampal CA1 neurons indicates that the mechanism does not primarily involve pyramidal cell loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Chronic Low-Dose Corticosterone Supplementation Enhances Acquired Epileptogenesis in the Rat Amygdala Kindling Model of TLE

Taher

Salzberg

Morris

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Similarly, differences in the stress-induced plasma corticosterone level in various genetically defined strains of rat are suggested to arise from differences in adrenal sensitivity to ACTH, rather than differences in pituitary ACTH secretion (Gmez et al, 1996;Sarrieau et al, 1998). However, if differences in interrenal sensitivity underlie the divergent stress responsiveness of the HR and LR lines, this is not reflected in plasma cortisol levels in unstressed fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the Plasma Cortisol Response to Stress in Rainbow Trout by Selective Breeding

Pottinger

Carrick

1999

General and Comparative Endocrinology

349

202

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The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. ABSTRACTMale and female rainbow trout were segregated into high-and low-responding individuals (HR, LR) on the basis of their plasma cortisol response to a 3 h period of confinement imposed at five, monthly, intervals. Consistent divergence was obtained in the responsiveness of the two groups, although the difference between LR and HR groups was greater in female fish (56 c.f. 116 ng ml -1 ) than in males (45 c.f. 69 ng ml -1 ). Progeny groups (full-sib families) were obtained from the pairing of HR males and females and LR males and females. A third progeny group (US) was obtained by random pairing of parents which were not selected as HR or LR. Post-stress plasma cortisol levels in the progeny were first tested at 6 months after hatch and were significantly correlated with the response of the corresponding parental groups, HR>US>LR (178, 126, 81 ng ml -1 respectively). The difference in responsiveness between LR and HR groups was demonstrated in all four subsequent tests over a 12 month period. There were no significant differences in baseline plasma cortisol levels in LR and HR groups prior to confinement. During a 4h period of confinement, the differences in plasma cortisol levels between LR and HR fish were sustained throughout, indicating that the trait upon which the fish were selected was related to absolute maximum levels of circulating cortisol, not the rate of change of cortisol levels during exposure to a stressor. A moderately high heritability (h 2 ) for confinement-induced plasma cortisol of 0.41 was obtained by a parent-progeny regression. Manipulation of stressresponsiveness in fish by selective breeding offers scope for optimising performance under intensive rearing conditions but also provides a useful research tool for investigating the operation of the endocrine stress response.3

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“…40 Importantly, the increased immobility in WKY rats in the FST does not appear to be a result of impaired cognitive or motor abilities. 41 In addition to depressive-like behaviors, WKY rats exhibit alterations of the HPA axis, including greater increases in plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) secretion after acute stress, 31,33,[42][43][44] and a decrease 32,45 or no change 26,31,43,46 in stress-induced corticosterone (CORT) levels relative to other rat strains. Alterations of the 24-h diurnal secretion pattern of plasma ACTH and CORT are also observed in WKY relative to Wistar rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the inbred F344 rat does not exhibit depressive-like behavior 27 and both basal and poststress levels of CORT differ from those found in the WKY. 32,44 In the present study, we have measured both immobility and climbing in the FST as indicators of depressive-like behavior. We have also examined three aspects of the HPA axis, all of which are altered in major depression and are controlled by different mechanisms:(1) basal plasma CORT levels, (2) plasma CORT levels in response to acute stress and (3) adrenal weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive-like behavior and stress reactivity are independent traits in a Wistar Kyoto × Fisher 344 cross

et al. 2003

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Depression is a heritable disorder that is often precipitated by stress. Abnormalities of the stress-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are also common in depressed patients. In animal models, the forced swim test (FST) is the most frequently used test of depressive-like behavior. We have used a proposed animal model of depression, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat, to investigate the relationship as well as the mode of inheritance of FST behaviors and HPA measures. Through reciprocal breeding of WKY and F344 parent strains and brother-sister breeding of the F1 generation, we obtained 486 F2 animals. Parent, F1 and F2 animals were tested in the FST. Blood samples were collected for determination of basal and stress (10-min restraint) plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, and adrenal weights were measured. We found that all measures were heritable to some extent and that this heritability was highly sex dependent. Both correlation and factor analyses of the F2 generation data demonstrate that FST behavior and HPA axis measures are not directly related. Thus, the underlying genetic components of depressive-like behavior and HPA axis abnormalities are likely to be disparate in the segregating F2 generation of a WKY3F344 cross.

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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Response to Chronic Stress in Five Inbred Rat Strains: Differential Responses Are Mainly Located at the Adrenocortical Level

Cited by 248 publications

References 54 publications

Chronic Low-Dose Corticosterone Supplementation Enhances Acquired Epileptogenesis in the Rat Amygdala Kindling Model of TLE

Chronic Low-Dose Corticosterone Supplementation Enhances Acquired Epileptogenesis in the Rat Amygdala Kindling Model of TLE

Modification of the Plasma Cortisol Response to Stress in Rainbow Trout by Selective Breeding

Depressive-like behavior and stress reactivity are independent traits in a Wistar Kyoto × Fisher 344 cross

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