Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Elderly Endurance Athletes

Heuser, Isabella; Wark, Hans-Jörg; Keul, J.; Holsboer, Florian

doi:10.1210/jcem-73-3-485

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…While several studies showed an exaggerated response to CRH stimulation after pre-treatment with 1.5 mg DEX [15,16] , this study found the response to CRH after 3.0 mg DEX not to differ between runners and controls. However, this is the first study to show that the HPA response to a psychological stressor does not differ between marathon runners and sedentary controls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…In 2 independent studies, an exaggerated cortisol response in the 1.5-mg DEX/CRH test was observed in elderly [15,16] and young marathon runners [22] . It is well known that the cortisol escape from DEX suppression is tightly correlated to dosage of the synthetic glucocorticoid, regardless of subsequent CRH stimulation [23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Indeed, 2 independent studies reported that although elderly endurance athletes adequately suppress ACTH and cortisol after administration of 1.5 mg dexamethasone (DEX), they have an exaggerated cortisol response after additional CRH stimulation [15,16] . However, the integrity of marathon runners' HPA system feedback regulation seems to depend on training intensity; already a few days after reduction of the training intensity, post-DEX cortisol levels decline [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Dysfunction in Elderly, Male Marathon Runners: Feedback Sensitivity, Stress Response, and Effects on Verbal Memory

et al. 2016

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Animal studies suggest that repeated episodes of elevated glucocorticoids lead to a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system at a suprapituitary level, and to impaired mnemonic function. We compared cognitive tests, as well as feedback integrity and stress responsivity of the HPA system, between 11 elderly, male marathon runners - a model of repeated HPA system activation - and 10 sedentary controls. The marathon runners had significantly increased baseline, stress, and post-stress ACTH - but not cortisol - concentrations. Also, suppression of ACTH by 3 mg dexamethasone was impaired in the athletes compared to the control subjects, while the ACTH and cortisol response to additional CRH did not differ between the 2 groups. Finally, long-term verbal memory was impaired in the athletes compared to the controls. Regarding the HPA system, these findings are in accordance with an acquired suprapituitary feedback disturbance in marathon runners; however, the similar glucocorticoid concentrations in the 2 groups may be due to reduced adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. Together with impaired verbal memory, these data support the assumption that repeated episodes of HPA system activity may exert negative effects at the level of the hippocampus.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Dysfunction in Elderly, Male Marathon Runners: Feedback Sensitivity, Stress Response, and Effects on Verbal Memory

et al. 2016

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“…Several studies on long-term antidepressant treatment suggest that clinical remission of depressive psychopathology is often preceded by normalization of HPA axis functioning (Holsboer et al, 1982;Heuser et al, 1990;HolsboerTrachsler et al, 1991). In line with these clinical findings are several preclinical studies on long-term antidepressant treatment in rats, which demonstrated that antidepressants, despite different primary neuropharmacological mechanisms, have the same restraining effect on HPA activity (Reul et al, 1993(Reul et al, , 1994Gesing and Reul, in preparation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chronic Administration of Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonists on the Rat Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis

Bachmann

Linthorst

Holsboer

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The effects of the selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists ORG 34850, ORG 34116, and ORG 34517 on the rat hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system were investigated. To assess the potency of the compounds to occupy GR in the brain and pituitary, we applied a single acute subcutaneous (s.c.) injection (10 mg/kg). ORG 34517 was most potent to occupy GR in the anterior pituitary and distinct brain areas, whereas all compounds were unable to occupy mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Chronic administration of ORG 34850, ORG 34116, and ORG 34517 (20 mg/kg/day) for 1, 3, and 5 weeks resulted only in minor changes in brain GR levels. However, profound increases of hippocampal MR were observed virtually at all time points. Treatment with ORG 34850 and ORG 34116 elicited episodic increases in HPA axis activity, whereas ORG 34517 did not cause any changes in HPA activity. Thus, the GR antagonists exert distinct effects on the HPA axis, which may be pertinent for the proposed antidepressant activity of these compounds.

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“…An increase of basal ACTH and a diminished ACTH response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in highly trained runners has also been reported (Luger et al 1987). In contrast, basal cortisol and ACTH levels were indistinguishable between elderly endurance athletes and sedentary controls, but cortisol responses to human CRH were significantly increased in the athlete group, and ACTH responses tended to be higher in this group (Heuser et al 1991). These results show, that long-distance running does not lead to a decreased sensitivity for CRH on the pituitary-adrenal level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Decreased Neuroendocrine Responses to Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) but Normal Responses to Ipsapirone in Marathon Runners

Broocks

Meyer²,

George

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Several clinical studies suggest antidepressive and anxiolytic effects of regular aerobic exercise. To study the effects of exercise on central serotonergic receptor sensitivity, we performed neuroendocrine challenges using oral doses of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP, 0.4 mg/ kg), ipsapirone (0.3 mg/kg) and placebo in 12 marathon runners and 12 healthy controls not practicing regular exercise. After administration of the nonselective serotonergic agonist m-CPP, which exerts a number of wellreproducible effects mainly by means of its action on 5-HT Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP); Ipsapirone Several studies of healthy volunteers have shown a positive effect of endurance training on anxiety, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, concentration, sexual satisfaction, and stress tolerance (de Coverley Veale 1987;Farmer et al. 1988;Hughes 1984;Lennox et al. 1990;MacMahon 1990;Sothman et al. 1992). There is also some evidence that exercise is effective against mild-to-moderate depression and against anxiety disorders (Doyne et al. 1987;Greist et al. 1979;Martinsen et al. 1985;McCann and Holmes 1984;Pappas et al. 1990;Sexton et al. 1989). Research in sports medicine has focused on physiological and immunological consequences of exercise, and little is known about changes in central neurotransmitter function associated with acute or regular endurance training.Several lines of evidence suggest that motor activity affects central serotonin metabolism. In the cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients, the concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA was significantly higher after 4 hours of motor activity than in the same patients after bed rest (Post et al. 1973). Aerobic exercise causes a rise of free fatty acids Fischer et al. From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göt-tingen, Germany (AB, DM, BB, GH, UB, ER), the Department of Neurology (AG), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Pharmacology (CHG), Department of Sports Medicine (UH-V), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine (TM), University of Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.Address correspondence to: Dr. A. Broocks, The Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.Received 28 October 1997; revised 12 March 1998; accepted 13 April 1998. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1999 -VOL . 20 , NO . 2 Decreased Serotonergic Responsiveness in Marathon Runners 151 1991), which displace free tryptophan (TRP) from its plasma-protein-binding sites (Blomstrand et al. 1988;Chaouloff et al. 1986). This leads to an increase of free TRP in relation to other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) (Chaouloff et al. 1989). Because the TRP influx into the brain correlates with the TRP/LNAA plasma ratio (Fernstrom and Wurtman 1971;Wurtman and Fernstrom 1976), exercise leads to a higher precursor availability in the brain, which, in turn, stimulates 5-HT synthesis (Broocks et al. 1989;Chaouloff 1997). Data from animal studies show th...

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Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function in Elderly Endurance Athletes

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Dysfunction in Elderly, Male Marathon Runners: Feedback Sensitivity, Stress Response, and Effects on Verbal Memory

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Dysfunction in Elderly, Male Marathon Runners: Feedback Sensitivity, Stress Response, and Effects on Verbal Memory

Effect of Chronic Administration of Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonists on the Rat Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis

Decreased Neuroendocrine Responses to Meta-Chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) but Normal Responses to Ipsapirone in Marathon Runners

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