Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis attenuation and obesity risk in sexually abused females

Li, Jacinda C.; Hall, Molly A.; Shalev, Idan; Schreier, Hannah M.C.; Zarzar, Tomás González; Marcovici, Isabel; Putnam, Frank W.; Noll, Jennie G.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105254

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Most sources sought to quantify associations between specific forms of sexual violence affecting children, including girls, and indicators of subsequent nutrition status in childhood and adolescence. Some studies conducted analyses that permit more nuanced understandings of causal mechanisms including use of community-based comparator groups [ 56 – 59 ]; moderation by cortisol reactivity [ 57 ]; moderation by HPA axis attenuation [ 41 ]; interaction of caregiver abuse and IPV/dating violence [ 60 ]; interaction of child marriage and age at first pregnancy [ 61 ]; and stratification by age [ 62 ] and developmental period [ 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research

Vahedi

Orjuela‐Grimm²,

Bhatt-Carreno³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background An emerging evidence base has explored the nutritional consequences of gender-based violence (GBV) perpetrated against girls during childhood/adolescence. We conducted a rapid evidence assessment of quantitative studies describing associations between GBV and girls’ nutrition. Methods We adapted systematic review methods and included empirical, peer-reviewed studies, published after 2000 (until November, 2022), that were written in Spanish or English and reported quantitative associations between girls’ exposure to GBV and nutrition outcomes. A variety of GBV forms were considered: childhood sexual abuse (CSA), child marriage, preferential feeding of boys, sexual IPV and dating violence. Nutrition outcomes included anemia, underweight, overweight, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, meal frequency, and dietary diversity. Results In total, 18 studies were included, 13 of which were conducted in high-income countries. Most sources utilized longitudinal or cross-sectional data to quantify associations between CSA, sexual assault, and intimate partner/dating violence and elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity. Findings suggest that CSA perpetrated by parents/caregivers is associated with elevated BMI/overweight/obesity/adiposity via cortisol reactivity and depression; this relationship may be compounded by additional intimate partner/dating violence in adolescence. The effects of sexual violence on BMI are likely to emerge during a sensitive period of development between late adolescence and young adulthood. Emerging evidence was found regarding the relationship between child marriage (and the related exposure: age at first pregnancy) and undernutrition. The association between sexual abuse and reduced height and leg length was inconclusive. Conclusion Given that only 18 studies were included, the relationship between girls’ direct exposure to GBV and malnutrition has received little empirical attention, especially with respect to studies conducted in LMIC and fragile settings. Most studies focused on CSA and overweight/obesity, where significant associations were found. Future research should test the moderation and mediation effects of intermediary variables (depression, PTSD, cortisol reactivity, impulsivity, emotional eating) and consider sensitive periods of development. Research should also explore the nutritional consequences of child marriage.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research

Vahedi

Orjuela‐Grimm²,

Bhatt-Carreno³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Exposure to different forms of adversity may differ in their impact child weight depending on timing of exposure and the child's developmental stage. For example, child victimization was related to early childhood and later adolescent weight risks, but lower obesity risk during middle childhood ( Bennett et al, 2010 ; JUSmith et al, 2013 ; Knutson et al, 2010 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Shin & Miller, 2012 ; Whitaker et al, 2007 ). On the other hand, research on community violence suggests no significant association with weight patterns in early or mid-childhood ( Burdette & Whitaker, 2004 ; Datar et al, 2013 ), though effects may emerge in adolescence, when children are more likely to be out in the community with peers and not under parental supervision ( Forsyth et al, 2015 ; Schuler & O'Reilly, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under the threat dimension, harm or threat of harm can occur in settings proximal to the child in their household (e.g., child maltreatment, domestic violence), or in the surrounding community (e.g., witnessing or being the victim of a crime). Existing research on forms of victimization in the home setting show cortisol increases among 150 girls ages 6 through 16 with childhood sexual abuse histories had higher BMI growth trajectories from ages 6 through 27 years ( Li et al, 2021 ). Parental neglect, a form of harm or emotional victimization ( Freyd et al, 2007 ), has been linked to significant changes in child weight from early childhood through young adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adversity and child body mass index in Fragile Families over 15 years: Do type and timing matter?

Schuler

Vazquez

Kobulsky

et al. 2022

SSM - Population Health

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“…ACEs may increase risk for excess adiposity via immune, metabolic, neuroendocrine, behavioral, and psychosocial responses to chronic or severe traumatic stress [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. For example, ACEs-associated stress can lead to hypothalamic pituitary axis dysregulation and resulting cortisol attenuation that increases risk for weight gain [28]. ACEs effects can include insulin hypersecretion, insulin resistance, and hunger hormone dysregulation that leads to increased caloric intake and promote abdominal adiposity storage [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, ACEs-associated stress can lead to hypothalamic pituitary axis dysregulation and resulting cortisol attenuation that increases risk for weight gain [28]. ACEs effects can include insulin hypersecretion, insulin resistance, and hunger hormone dysregulation that leads to increased caloric intake and promote abdominal adiposity storage [28][29][30][31]. Mental health conditions resulting from ACEs exposure, including depression and binge eating disorder, also are risk factors for obesity [17,27,32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intersection of Neighborhood Environment and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Methods for Creation of a Neighborhood ACEs Index

Schroeder

Dumenci

Sarwer

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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This study evaluated methods for creating a neighborhood adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) index, a composite measure that captures the association between neighborhood environment characteristics (e.g., crime, healthcare access) and individual-level ACEs exposure, for a particular population. A neighborhood ACEs index can help understand and address neighborhood-level influences on health among individuals affected by ACEs. Methods entailed cross-sectional secondary analysis connecting individual-level ACEs data from the Philadelphia ACE Survey (n = 1677) with 25 spatial datasets capturing neighborhood characteristics. Four methods were tested for index creation (three methods of principal components analysis, Bayesian index regression). Resulting indexes were compared using Akaike Information Criteria for accuracy in explaining ACEs exposure. Exploratory linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between ACEs, the neighborhood ACEs index, and a health outcome—in this case body mass index (BMI). Results demonstrated that Bayesian index regression was the best method for index creation. The neighborhood ACEs index was associated with higher BMI, both independently and after controlling for ACEs exposure. The neighborhood ACEs index attenuated the association between BMI and ACEs. Future research can employ a neighborhood ACEs index to inform upstream, place-based interventions and policies to promote health among individuals affected by ACEs.

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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis attenuation and obesity risk in sexually abused females

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research

Childhood and adolescent nutrition outcomes among girls exposed to gender-based violence: A rapid evidence assessment of quantitative research

Adversity and child body mass index in Fragile Families over 15 years: Do type and timing matter?

The Intersection of Neighborhood Environment and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Methods for Creation of a Neighborhood ACEs Index

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