Hypothalamic hamartoma simulating a suprasellar arachnoid cyst: resolution of precocious puberty following microsurgical lesion resection

Abstract

<jats:p>Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are rare developmental lesions arising from the inferior hypothalamus that may cause gelastic seizures and central precocious puberty. Cystic changes in HHs are rare, usually occurring in giant lesions. The authors describe an unusual case of cystic HH masquerading as a suprasellar arachnoid cyst in an 18-month-old girl presenting with precocious puberty. Microsurgical removal of the lesion led to complete resolution of the precocious puberty on long-term follow-up. This case is the first reported HH with pathological demonstration of corticotropin-releasing hormone immunostaining in the solid tumor and glial cells in the cyst wall of the lesion. The clinical and radiological characteristics of HHs are reviewed, along with the unique surgical strategies used to manage cystic lesions in the suprasellar region.</jats:p>

Psychological aspects of precocious puberty child during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…10 Menstruation is an important phase which is influenced by the psychological (signs of adulthood, female identity) and physiology factors (normal hypothalamuspituitary-ovarian axis, basis for fertility and reproduction). 11 Early menarche is menarche which occurs at the age before 10-year old and part of PP. Early menarche increases the risk of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.…”

Social alienation caused by precocious puberty and hypothalamic obesity in patients with suprasellar arachnoid cysts - Case studies and literature review of a rare but significant disorder

“…Precocious puberty: is defined as physical and hormonal changes that occur in girls before the age of 7-8 years (for Afroamericans before the age of 6 years) and in boys before 9 years of age [22][23][24]. Central precocious puberty (associated with a damage of hypothalamicpituitary axis) is caused by a premature activation of neurons present in the hypothalamus, releasing gonadoliberin.…”

“…In contrast to high radiation doses (above 40 Gy), which inhibit the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, low and medium doses might cause precocious puberty. The mechanism of this phenomenon is not entirely known, probably there occurs an imbalance between the factors stimulating and inhibiting the function of pulse generator for endogenous gonadoliberin [22][23][24].…”