Hypothalamic Glucose-sensing: Role of Glia-to-Neuron Signaling

Tonon, Marie‐Christine; Lanfray, Damien; Castel, Hélène; Vaudry, Hubert; Morin, Fabrice

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1355357

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Changes in glucose concentration are rapidly detected in the hypothalamus, which adapts to such variations and emits a response to maintain glucose homeostasis not only in the brain, but also systemically as glucose-sensing neurons in the hypothalamus send signals to the autonomous nervous system, reaching peripheral organs such as the pancreas or the liver (104–107). There is more than one mechanism for central glucose sensing and different cell types are involved in this essential task (107–110).…”

Section: Functions Of Non-neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is more than one mechanism for central glucose sensing and different cell types are involved in this essential task (107–110). Two populations of glucose-sensing neurons have been identified: glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited neurons (GE and GI, respectively) (111) and glial cells also participate in these important glucose-sensing mechanisms.…”

Section: Functions Of Non-neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is still debated as to whether astrocytes secrete only lactate or also glucose to the extracellular fluid to act on glucose-sensing neurons and to be used as fuel (112). Moreover, astrocytes and tanycytes can respond to an increase in glucose or to other signals (i.e., some neurotransmitters) by secreting endozepines, anorexigenic peptides that act on hypothalamic neurons to maintain energy homeostasis (107, 117) and that also participate in unsaturated long-chain fatty acid metabolism in astrocytes (118). …”

Section: Functions Of Non-neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals

et al. 2017

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Although the brain is composed of numerous cell types, neurons have received the vast majority of attention in the attempt to understand how this organ functions. Neurons are indeed fundamental but, in order for them to function correctly, they rely on the surrounding “non-neuronal” cells. These different cell types, which include glia, epithelial cells, pericytes, and endothelia, supply essential substances to neurons, in addition to protecting them from dangerous substances and situations. Moreover, it is now clear that non-neuronal cells can also actively participate in determining neuronal signaling outcomes. Due to the increasing problem of obesity in industrialized countries, investigation of the central control of energy balance has greatly increased in attempts to identify new therapeutic targets. This has led to interesting advances in our understanding of how appetite and systemic metabolism are modulated by non-neuronal cells. For example, not only are nutrients and hormones transported into the brain by non-neuronal cells, but these cells can also metabolize these metabolic factors, thus modifying the signals reaching the neurons. The hypothalamus is the main integrating center of incoming metabolic and hormonal signals and interprets this information in order to control appetite and systemic metabolism. Hence, the factors transported and released from surrounding non-neuronal cells will undoubtedly influence metabolic homeostasis. This review focuses on what is known to date regarding the involvement of different cell types in the transport and metabolism of nutrients and hormones in the hypothalamus. The possible involvement of non-neuronal cells, in particular glial cells, in physiopathological outcomes of poor dietary habits and excess weight gain are also discussed.

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Section: Functions Of Non-neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions Of Non-neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions Of Non-neuronal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals

et al. 2017

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“…The hypothalamus senses hormones and nutrients to regulate weight and energy balance. Recently, several peptides have been detected to play a major role in this brain-mediated regulation of food intake and fat selection [7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, other forms of diet and lipids exert a differential regulation on insulin sensitivity and metabolism [11,12].…”

Section: Electroceuticals For the Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Electroceuticals for the Metabolic Syndrome

Bornstein

Benhaim²

2015

Horm Metab Res

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“…These novel fi ndings are discussed by Drs. Tonon, Morin, and co-workers, who provide an updated overview of the functional interplay between glial cells and neurons, including their own data on the hypothalamic glial-derived endozepine, ODN [ 16 ] . We have included 2 reviews, written by Dr. Fernandez-Real's and Dr. Dutour's groups, which summarize the contribution of adipose tissue depots to the regulation of energy homeostasis under both physiological conditions and in response to increased fat mass [ 17 , 18 ] .…”

Section: Hypothalamic Control Of Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic Control of Energy Homeostasis

Malagón

Vaudry

2013

Horm Metab Res

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potentials for metabolic diseases has been raised for the secretin family of brain-gut peptides and their receptors, which are presented in the thorough review by Drs. Sekar and Chow, who provide new avenues for research on hypothalamic secretin-related peptides [ 8 ] . Likewise, the role of nesfatin-1 and its precursor, NUCB2, which are produced both in adipocytes and in the brain [ 9 ] , on food intake and body weight are discussed by Drs. Stengel and Taché [ 10 ] . These authors also describe the current evidence on the signaling pathways activated by nesfatin through its binding to an as yet unknown, putative Gi/o protein-coupled receptor. Centrally produced peptides, including the RFamide-related peptide family member, QRFP, are also reviewed in this Special Issue. In their paper on QRFP, Dr. Primeaux and co-workers provide a complete overview on the hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic distribution, receptors, intracellular signaling pathways and mediators (i. e., leptin and hypothalamic NPY and POMC-producing neurons), and orexigenic eff ects, especially on fat intake, exhibited by this peptide [ 11 ] . The current data on the adipokine obestatin are discussed by Dr. Granata [ 12 ] . Although the activity of obestatin on the orphan receptor GPR39 and its role on food intake are a matter of controversy, the regulatory eff ects of this peptide on glucose and lipid metabolism together with its anti-infl ammatory action make obestatin a promising candidate in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance. Two articles in this Special Issue debate the eff ects of neonatal nutrition on hypothalamic mechanisms controlling energy balance, introducing the concept of metabolic programming and its relevance in the development of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Specifi cally, the paper by Dr. López and his group review the current state-of-knowledge on the impact of perinatal overfeeding on the hypothalamic circuits regulating food intake and body weight homeostasis, paying special attention to the The hypothalamus has long been known to be involved in the control of energy homeostasis and metabolism by acting as a key integrator and transducer of central and peripheral hormonal and nutritional inputs [ 1 , 2 ] . The 12 articles in this Special Issue review and discuss diff erent aspects of the central regulation of whole-body energy metabolism, from the hypothalamic circuitries and molecular pathways involved in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose homeostasis, to the increasing number of peripheral metabolic signals that inform the central nervous system (CNS) on the body energy status, and the emerging role of novel actors mediating the hypothalamic response to metabolic challenges. Dr. Tena-Sempere examines the impact of the metabolic state of the organism on reproductive maturation and function, using 2 key peripheral metabolic players, leptin and ghrelin, as model molecules [ 3 ] . He reviews the current knowledge on the direct and indirect eff ects of these hormones on the ...

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Hypothalamic Glucose-sensing: Role of Glia-to-Neuron Signaling

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals

Non-Neuronal Cells in the Hypothalamic Adaptation to Metabolic Signals

Electroceuticals for the Metabolic Syndrome

Hypothalamic Control of Energy Homeostasis

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