Hypotensive Effects and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides of Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) Auto-Digested Extract

Abstract

Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi) has been used as a traditional medicine for millennia. However, relatively little is known about this mushroom's proteins and their bioactivities. In this study, we used reishi's own proteases to hydrolyze its protein and obtained auto-digested reishi (ADR) extract. The extract was subjected to in vitro assays and administered to spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) to determine its potential for use as a hypotensive medication. Bioassay-guided fractionation and de novo sequencing were used for identifying the active compounds. After 4 h administration of ADR, the systolic pressure of SHRs significantly decreased to 34.3 mmHg (19.5% change) and the effect was maintained up to 8 h of administration, with the decrease reaching as low as 26.8 mmHg (15% reduction-compare to base line a decrease of 26.8 mmHg is less than a decrease of 34.3 mmHg so it should give a smaller % reduction). Eleven peptides were identified and four of them showed potent inhibition against ACE with IC 50 values ranging from 73.1 μM to 162.7 μM. The results showed that ADR could be a good source of hypotensive peptides that could be used for antihypertensive medication or incorporation into functional foods.

Connection of Ganoderma Lucidum with Health

“…When compared with other medical mushrooms, G. lucidum extracts are known as the most efficient ACE inhibitors. [93][94][95] Redundancy of phenolic compounds within G. lucidum is considered to contribute to this inhibition. 38 A previous study found that G. lucidum mycelium has a high blood pressure-lowering potential depending on anti-ACE proteins.…”

“…At a concentration as low as 100 μg/mL, ADR showed about 50% inhibition on ACE and the enzyme was nearly completely inhibited at 1670 μg/mL.Consequently, ADR may be a good hypotensive peptide source that may be used with antihypertensive drugs. 94 eFFecT on The IMMune sysTeM G. lucidum is widely used for infectious diseases (bronchitis, asthma, allergies, herpetic conditions, and HIV in recent years) in traditional Chinese medicine because of its ability to affect the immune system. 2 G. lucidum is pronounced to strengthen body resistance and improve structural homeostasis.…”

High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Extraction of High-Molecular-Weight Melanoidins from Black Garlic: Composition, Structure, and Bioactive Properties

“…Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was measured using a commercial kit (Dojindo Chemical Technology, Shanghai, China) as described previously [21,22]. In brief, the amount of 3hydroxybutyric acid generated from the substrate 3hydroxybutyryl-Gly-Gly-Gly was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader ( ermo Scientific, Pittsburg, PA, USA).…”

Ganoderma lucidum: A Review with Special Emphasis on the Treatment of Various Cancer

“…These include differential effects on the inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerases, thromboxane A2-signaling pathways in human platelets, inhibition of tumor invasion in vitro and in vivo, cytotoxicity to several cancer cells in vitro, anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease activity and regulation of osteoclastogenesis [14]. The other pharmacological properties of triterpenoids were reported such as, antihypertensive [30], antianemia [31], cardioprotective [32,33], antifibrotic effect [34,35], anti-oxidant [36], anti-HIV-1 activity [37] and anticancer [38,39].…”